Table 2.
Self-reported History of Multivitamin Use and Prostate Cancer Risk
| Recency of Multivitamin Use at Baseline | Cumulative Years of Multivitamin Use at Baseline | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| None n=17,719 | Former n=2,821 | Current n=14,347 | None n=17,719 | 0 – <5 years n=5,502 | ≥5 years n=11,666 | |
|
| ||||||
| Total PCa | ||||||
| # cases (n=1,857) | 943 | 139 | 775 | 943 | 273 | 641 |
| Model 1: HR (95% CI) 1 | Ref | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | Ref | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) | 1.02 (0.98–1.07) |
| Model 2: HR (95% CI) 2 | Ref | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | Ref | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 1.02 (0.98–1.07) |
| Low-Grade PCa (Gleason 2–6) 3 | ||||||
| # cases (n=1,061) | 585 | 87 | 464 | 585 | 173 | 378 |
| Model 1: HR (95% CI) 1 | Ref | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) | Ref | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) |
| Model 2: HR (95% CI) 2 | Ref | 0.93 (0.84–1.02) | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | Ref | 0.93 (0.87–1.01) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) |
| High-Grade Pca (Gleason 7–10) 3 | ||||||
| # cases (n=524) | 275 | 40 | 262 | 275 | 83 | 219 |
| Model 1: HR (95% CI) 1 | Ref | 1.13 (0.99–1.30) | 1.19 (1.10–1.28) | Ref | 1.10 (1.00–1.22) | 1.21 (1.12–1.31) |
| Model 2: HR (95% CI) 2 | Ref | 1.13 (0.99–1.29) | 1.19 (1.10–1.28) | Ref | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) | 1.22 (1.13–1.32) |
Model 1: Hazard ratios are adjusted for age (linear), race (white, black, other), family history of prostate cancer, longitudinal PSA (linear; time-dependent); longitudinal DRE (normal vs abnormal; time-dependent), negative biopsy at baseline or on study (yes vs no; time-dependent), BMI (<25, 25 to <30, 30+), history of diabetes (yes, no/unknown), and treatment arm (vitamin E, selenium, both, placebo).
Model 2: Hazard ratios are adjusted for age (linear), race (white, black, other), family history of prostate cancer, longitudinal PSA (linear; time-dependent); longitudinal DRE (normal vs abnormal; time-dependent), negative biopsy at baseline or on study (yes vs no; time-dependent), BMI (<25, 25 to <30, 30+), history of diabetes (yes, no/unknown), and treatment arm (vitamin E, selenium, both, placebo) AND education, smoking status and alcohol consumption.
For grade-specific models, participants with a different grade of cancer are censored at diagnosis date, and cases with no known Gleason score (N=203) are removed from the analysis.