Table 2.

Results of Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test.

Variables	Depression	Anxiety	Resilience	Perceived social support	School belonging	PSU
Male	478.1	478.71	468.26	406.81	409.8	432.84
Female	408.35	408.18	411.20	428.97	428.11	421.44
Z	−3.501***	−3.521***	−2.832**	−1.1	-0.909	-0.566

Note. N = 847, **p ＜ 0.01. ***p < .001. PSU = problematic smartphone use. Male = 1, female = 2.