Table 4.

Mediation analysis between depression and PSU by Process model 4.

Outcome variables	Independent variables	β	SE	t	P
PSU	constant	29.968***	4.631	6.471	0.000
	Age	−0.150	0.224	−0.670	0.503
	Gendera	0.643	0.633	1.016	0.310
	Depression	0.382***	0.038	10.153	0.000
Resilience	constant	93.169***	7.934	11.743	0.000
	Age	0.515	0.383	1.344	0.179
	Gendera	−5.766***	1.084	−5.137	0.000
	Depression	−0.718***	0.064	−11.143	0.000
Perceived social support	constant	58.777***	7.027	8.336	0.000
	Age	0.505	0.339	1.488	0.137
	Gendera	−0.995	0.960	−1.036	0.300
	Depression	−0.699***	0.057	−12.255	0.000
School belonging	constant	81.162***	6.802	11.933	0.000
	Age	0.151	0.328	0.461	0.645
	Gendera	−1.010	0.930	−1.087	0.277
	Depression	−0.752***	0.055	−13.624	0.000
PSU	constant	38.709***	5.087	7.610	0.000
	Age	−0.136	0.220	−0.618	0.536
	Gendera	0.110	0.634	0.174	0.862
	Resilience	−0.097***	0.022	−4.358	0.000
	Perceived social support	0.091***	0.027	3.430	0.001
	School belonging	−0.062*	0.027	−2.325	0.020
	Depression	0.329***	0.042	7.797	0.000

Note. N = 847, ∗p ＜ 0.05, ∗∗∗p ＜ 0.001. PSU = Problematic smartphone use.

^aMale = 1, female = 2.