Figure 3. Arctic-specific expansions and contractions of PFAM domains.

Scatterplot of 3,858 PFAMs, detected in at least one algal genome and one algal transcriptome, and having inferred to have undergone at least one expansion or contraction by CAFE genome data and at least one expansion and contraction by CAFE transcriptome data, showing possible enrichments and depletions in Arctic strains. The horizontal axis shows the signed −log₁₀ chi-squared P-value of the presence of PFAMs in Arctic versus non-Arctic species in the dataset. Positive values indicate the PFAM occurs more frequently than expected in Arctic species, and negative values indicate that the PFAM occurs less frequently than expected in Arctic species. The vertical axis shows the −log₁₀ chi-squared P-values for enrichment in expansions of each PFAM, inferred by CAFE, in Arctic compared with non-Arctic strains, minus the −log₁₀ chi-squared P-values of contractions in each PFAM in Arctic strains, using the same methodology. Positive values indicate that the PFAM is more frequently expanded in Arctic strains and negative values indicate that it is more contracted in Arctic strains than expected. PFAMs that are inferred to either be specifically associated (enriched in presence or expanded) or not associated (contracted) in Arctic compared with non-Arctic strains (P < 10⁻⁰⁵) are indicated. The insert shows PFAM (PF11999, ice-binding protein domain) which was enriched and expanded in Arctic strains and was off-scale of the main plot.