Significance values of one-way ANOVA tests of the separation of means are shown between Arctic–Arctic strain pairs and all other forms of strain pairs considered. Comparisons between members of the same taxonomic group, freshwater or obligately non-photosynthetic species, were excluded from the analyses. Genomic calculations between pairs of Antarctic strains are not shown as the pan-algal dataset contains only one Antarctic genome (Fragilariopsis cylindrus). Significance values of one-way ANOVA tests of the separation of means are provided between Arctic–Arctic strain pairs and all other forms of species pairs considered. (A, B) Violin plot of pairwise numbers of total number of shared PFAMs normalised on % recovered complete (single or duplicated) eukaryotic BUSCOs and (B) violin plot of Spearman correlation coefficients between PFAM distributions, from Arctic, Antarctic, and other algal genomes (top) and transcriptomes (bottom) within the pan-algal dataset.