Table 1.

Descriptive statistics and differences for all variables.

	Gender
	Male	Female	χ2 or Z	p
	(N = 161)	(N = 457)
Age (years)	23.36 ± 5.42	22.51 ± 4.71	−2.14	0.032
Survey time (no new cases, %)	11.8	5.7	6.59	0.010
Region (cumulative confirmed cases >500, %)	70.8	76.8	2.30	0.129
Identity (student, %)	73.9	74.6	0.03	0.860
Education (bachelor degree or above, %)	97.5	98.5	0.19	0.660
Risk perception
Total scores	3.35 ± 0.57	3.49 ± 0.54	−2.77	0.006
Severity of pandemic	3.68 ± 0.62	3.78 ± 0.57	−2.24	0.025
Uncontrollability	3.64 ± 0.82	3.75 ± 0.78	−1.56	0.118
Severity of health effects	3.50 ± 0.95	3.70 ± 0.90	−2.32	0.020
Likelihood	2.29 ± 0.83	2.44 ± 0.78	−2.10	0.035
Mental health
Depression	0.45 ± 0.64	0.38 ± 0.55	−0.66	0.510
Neurasthenia	0.45 ± 0.59	0.43 ± 0.58	−0.55	0.580
Fear	1.03 ± 0.57	1.15 ± 0.56	−2.46	0.014
Compulsion/anxiety	0.24 ± 0.43	0.22 ± 0.39	−0.10	0.920
Hypochondriasis	0.27 ± 0.44	0.30 ± 0.45	−0.47	0.636
Self-efficacy	2.74 ± 0.59	2.54 ± 0.56	−3.67	<0.001
Active coping	1.93 ± 0.53	2.04 ± 0.49	−2.10	0.036
Passive coping	1.34 ± 0.55	1.38 ± 0.51	−0.65	0.518

Note. N = 618 (except Age, because this variable has 81 missing values). Results are rendered M ± SD except for special notes.