Table 1.

Summary of typical cell viability studies

Method	Bioink	Application	Cell viability	References
Inkjet-based bioprinting	PEGDMA, human chondrocytes	Cartilage-like constructs	89%	[139]
	Sodium alginate, 3T3 fibroblasts	Zigzag tubes	82%	[140]
	Sodium alginate, 3T3 fibroblasts	Vascular-like constructs	> 90% after 1 d	[141]
	PEG/peptide, hMSCs	Cartilage-like constructs	89%	[86]
Extrusion-based bioprinting	Nanofibrillated cellulose, alginate, hNCs	Aricular constructs	70%	[44]
	Alginate sulfate, nanocellulose, chondrocytes	Miniature ears	> 85% at day 14	[142]
	Polyurethane solutions and NSCs	Nerve-like constructs	> 50% after 1 d	[143]
	Alginate, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells	Vascular-like constructs	> 91% after 7 d	[9]
Laser-assisted bioprinting	Alginate, 3T3 fibroblasts	3D constructs	> 90%	[144]
	HUVECs, biopaper	Osseous constructs	92.4%	[72]
	3T3 fibroblasts	3D constructs	> 93.5%	[145]
	Hyaluronic acid, hiPSCs	3D constructs	> 94% with control effect	[146]
Stereolithography-based bioprinting	GelMA, PEGDA, EY, 3T3 fibroblasts	3D structure	85% for at least 5 d	[21]
	GelMA, EY, 3T3 fibroblasts	3D structure	91.5%	[124]
	GelMA, HUVECs, C3H/10T1/2 cells	Prevascularized tissues	> 85%	[147]
	GelMA, LAP, mBMSCs	Native-like tissues	95%	[148]

PEGDMA poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, PEG polyethylene glycol, hMSCs human mesenchymal stem cells, hNCs human nasal chondrocytes, HUVECs human umbilical vein endothelial cells, hiPSCs human induced pluripotent stem cells, GelMA gelatin methacrylate, PEGDA polyethylene glycol diacrylate, EY eosin Y, LAP lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoyl phosphinate, mBMSCs mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, NSCs neural stem cells, 3D three-dimensional