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. 2022 Dec 16;10:312. doi: 10.1186/s40359-022-00986-3

Table 3.

Independent sample T-test comparing the mean scores (± SD) of the PHQ- 9, GAD-7 and CD-RISC -10 psychometric scales by COVID-19 impact

Scale Impacted by COVID-19 Not-impacted by COVID-19 T value p value* Total score
Mean scores (± SD)
PHQ-9 9.51 (6.39) 6.80 (6.34) − 5.28  < 0.001** 9.10 (6.33)
GAD-7 9.03 (6.00) 8.54 (6.02) − 3.30  < 0.001** 8.78 (6.07)
CD-RISC-10 21.42 (8.51) 21.75 (10.85) 0.33 0.041* 21.46 (8.80)

PHQ-9 patient health questionnaire, GAD-7 generalized anxiety disorder-7, CD-RISC-10 Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale

*Significant at p < 0.05

** Significant at p < 0.001