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. 2021 May 18;165:105309. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105309
Item Percentage
Mean V.R.*
Never First Time Much Less Slightly Less About the same Moderately more Much more
Buying local food 2.00 1.85 4.09 6.25 77.56 2.78 5.47 3.86 0.22
Ordering groceries online 57.67 2.47 6.63 3.93 17.73 6.01 5.55 1.62 0.42
Buying food in person from a large supermarket 1.80 0.80 6.20 8.90 69.50 4.20 8.40 3.90 0.31
Buying food in person from a small supermarket 9.41 2.00 13.49 7.25 60.14 3.93 3.78 3.34 0.40
Having meals delivered directly to my home from a full-service or fast food restaurant 44.87 2.16 9.56 5.40 25.98 7.79 4.24 2.06 0.55
Eating with family members 2.78 0.62 4.24 4.63 75.40 4.63 7.71 3.94 0.25
Cooking and preparing food 1.54 0.93 2.85 4.32 70.55 8.87 10.95 4.12 0.29
Spending a lot of time cooking 1.85 0.93 3.70 6.01 71.40 9.02 7.09 4.00 0.29
Eating between meals (e.g. snacks) 12.88 0.62 7.56 7.56 58.75 8.33 4.32 3.41 0.41
Eating at someone else's place 10.72 0.69 27.60 11.33 45.57 2.70 1.39 2.94 0.54

*V.R. Variability ratio.

* Scale: never = 0; first time = 1; much less = 2; slightly less = 3; about the same = 4; moderately more = 5; much more = 6.