Figure 6: Rewiring of host metabolism modulates urothelial cell survival during intracellular infection.

a, Representative flow cytometry plot depicting annexin V staining in intracellularly infected (GFP^high) and uninfected (GFP^low) urothelial cells. b, Histogram depicting annexin V staining intensity. c, Plot depicting the proportion of urothelial cells with high annexin V staining; mean ± SEM; two-tailed Welch’s t test. d, Representative flow cytometry plot depicting caspase-3 activity in intracellularly infected (GFP^high) and uninfected (GFP^low) urothelial cells. e, Histogram depicting caspase-3 activity. f, Plot depicting the proportion of urothelial cells with high caspase-3 activity; mean ± SEM; two-tailed Welch’s t test. g-i, Histograms depicting annexin V staining intensity in all urothelial cells (g), intracellularly infected (GFP^high) urothelial cells (h), and uninfected (GFP^low) urothelial cells (i) treated with digoxin, DMOG, or vehicle at the time of infection. In (a) and (d) each dot represents one cell, and relative population density is represented by a color spectrum (red indicates regions of high cell density, blue indicates regions of low cell density). All experiments were performed with a minimum of three biological replicates. Exact p-values are provided in the figure, with bold values indicating statistical significance (p < 0.05).