. 2021 May 24;181:111016. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111016

Table 6.

Experimental instructions.

Experimental instructions:	Control group instruction:
Background The current pandemic still spreads and has many consequences. There is no cure, vaccine, or ways to treat people who become ill. Many people will still experience that friends, relatives, colleagues or themselves get ill and in many cases seriously ill. The spread of the virus and its consequences is also affecting the economy so that many people will lose their jobs. Long-term effects on public health and economy are not known. Although the situation seems somewhat better at the moment, the spread of the virus may increase again in a second wave. Facts The Covid-19 is transmitted in communities directly by travelling through the air from an infected person's airways, mouth or nose to a recipient's eyes, nose or mouth. If someone infected is out among people, and has sneezed or coughed in his hands, the virus may also contaminate an object or surface if touched. If such objects and surfaces are touched by a recipient who then goes on to touch their face, the person will get infected. Infection through mouth, nose or eyes is the primary route for the virus to cause infection. It does not enter through the skin. (This text was taken from West et al., 2020, p. 451). What is the risk of being infected? If society doesn't do enough to limit contact, the probability of becoming infected will increase rapidly. If you then are less careful in regard to social contact and lower your guard in relation to hand-hygiene, the probability that you will become ill will be much higher. With more and more people infected the number of serious illnesses and deaths will also increase rapidly. Government imposed restrictions To protect people, governments have demanded/recommended isolation, social distancing (staying at home except for essential journeys), frequent handwashing, and to keep a distance (typically 2 m) from other people at all times to reduce risks of transmission. There are no other known ways to stop the virus from spreading further. Although it is inconvenient, costly, and demanding for people, governments have done these things to protect people and their long-term welfare. Reasons for being careful Although all people have their right to be independent and make their own decisions, the current pandemic is dependent on social contact between people because it transmits from one person to another. That means that every individual, if they are not careful, can be responsible for other people's illness and even deaths. You are responsible for the health of your family, friends and those around you in your community. A major difficulty in the situation is that the virus is not visible, and some people may carry it without any symptoms. They may then transmit it without knowing it. Moreover, many people are in one of the risk groups associated with the disease and may suffer from fatal illness if infected. Thus, it is important to follow regulations at all times to protect both ourselves and others. Your loved ones will thank you for protecting them and keeping them healthy. Necessary actions To succeed, everybody must wash their hands several times a day. Every time hands are washed it must be done for 90 s with soap and water. All parts of the hand and wrist should be cleaned. When you are unable to wash your hands, hand-disinfectants can be used. Wash your hands every time you enter your home from outside, before you prepare or eat food and drink and every 3 h throughout the day (you can set a timer on your phone). At all times it is necessary to keep the distance (2 m/6 ft) to others, when outside you can cross the road, walk in single file or stop to allow others to pass at a safe distance. You can work from home if possible. Avoid public transport, crowds and gatherings where social distance is impossible to maintain. If you intend to leave your house, ask yourself: Is this an essential trip? Is there no alternative? Will I be able to maintain social distancing? If you answer “no” to any of these questions you may want to reconsider leaving your home. Restructure your environment How can you plan and set goals for yourself to avoid situations in which you can't social distance? If you work in a setting where you are being exposed to other people (in a shop, in a service office, in health care etc), think about how you can design your working space to avoid being infected or infecting others. Is it possible to have a screen between yourself and others? Do you regularly disinfect surfaces? Consider how you can actively design your workspace to reduce contamination. Future implications of violating the rules If the virus spreads in a second wave, police may be authorized to fine people who clearly break the social distancing rules. Those who commit more severe actions for example coughing, sneezing or spitting on other people may be jailed. Rewards for being careful The great reward of following government restrictions and advice is that the whole pandemic will disappear much faster than it will if people don't care about the restrictions. If people don't care, the pandemic will keep on for a long time, perhaps even years. If people everywhere care, it will disappear within a much shorter time. We can all soon live normally again, the economy will recover faster, and bring back more wealth to our lives.	Background The current pandemic still spreads and has many consequences. There is no cure, vaccine, or ways to treat people who become ill. Many people will still experience that friends, relatives, colleagues or themselves get ill and in many cases seriously ill. The spread of the virus and its consequences are also affecting the economy so that many people will lose their jobs. Long-term effects on public health and economy are not known. Although the situation seems somewhat better at the moment, the spread of the virus may increase again in a second wave. Facts The Covid-19 transmits through air or it can transmit if people touch object surfaces and then their face. While the spread of the virus has been extensive in many countries and more moderate in other countries, the situation is now improving in many places. There are fewer people infected, fewer people in hospital, and fewer people who die each day. Implications of restrictions During the last months government restrictions have limited activities and the economy has been under great pressure. Many people have lost their jobs, and many have felt bad because of the several restrictions. Since the situation now is improving in many countries, it is now likely that government restrictions will be gradually loosened so that society can get back to normal. This will most likely happen even if the virus starts spreading rapidly again. Future advice However, advice about hand-hygiene and social distancing will remain and everybody is expected to follow this advice.

Experimental instructions:

Control group instruction:

Background
The current pandemic still spreads and has many consequences. There is no cure, vaccine, or ways to treat people who become ill. Many people will still experience that friends, relatives, colleagues or themselves get ill and in many cases seriously ill. The spread of the virus and its consequences is also affecting the economy so that many people will lose their jobs. Long-term effects on public health and economy are not known. Although the situation seems somewhat better at the moment, the spread of the virus may increase again in a second wave.

Facts
The Covid-19 is transmitted in communities directly by travelling through the air from an infected person's airways, mouth or nose to a recipient's eyes, nose or mouth. If someone infected is out among people, and has sneezed or coughed in his hands, the virus may also contaminate an object or surface if touched. If such objects and surfaces are touched by a recipient who then goes on to touch their face, the person will get infected. Infection through mouth, nose or eyes is the primary route for the virus to cause infection. It does not enter through the skin. (This text was taken from West et al., 2020, p. 451).

What is the risk of being infected?
If society doesn't do enough to limit contact, the probability of becoming infected will increase rapidly. If you then are less careful in regard to social contact and lower your guard in relation to hand-hygiene, the probability that you will become ill will be much higher. With more and more people infected the number of serious illnesses and deaths will also increase rapidly.

Government imposed restrictions
To protect people, governments have demanded/recommended isolation, social distancing (staying at home except for essential journeys), frequent handwashing, and to keep a distance (typically 2 m) from other people at all times to reduce risks of transmission. There are no other known ways to stop the virus from spreading further. Although it is inconvenient, costly, and demanding for people, governments have done these things to protect people and their long-term welfare.

Reasons for being careful
Although all people have their right to be independent and make their own decisions, the current pandemic is dependent on social contact between people because it transmits from one person to another. That means that every individual, if they are not careful, can be responsible for other people's illness and even deaths. You are responsible for the health of your family, friends and those around you in your community. A major difficulty in the situation is that the virus is not visible, and some people may carry it without any symptoms. They may then transmit it without knowing it. Moreover, many people are in one of the risk groups associated with the disease and may suffer from fatal illness if infected. Thus, it is important to follow regulations at all times to protect both ourselves and others. Your loved ones will thank you for protecting them and keeping them healthy.

Necessary actions
To succeed, everybody must wash their hands several times a day. Every time hands are washed it must be done for 90 s with soap and water. All parts of the hand and wrist should be cleaned. When you are unable to wash your hands, hand-disinfectants can be used. Wash your hands every time you enter your home from outside, before you prepare or eat food and drink and every 3 h throughout the day (you can set a timer on your phone).

At all times it is necessary to keep the distance (2 m/6 ft) to others, when outside you can cross the road, walk in single file or stop to allow others to pass at a safe distance. You can work from home if possible. Avoid public transport, crowds and gatherings where social distance is impossible to maintain. If you intend to leave your house, ask yourself: Is this an essential trip? Is there no alternative? Will I be able to maintain social distancing? If you answer “no” to any of these questions you may want to reconsider leaving your home.

Restructure your environment
How can you plan and set goals for yourself to avoid situations in which you can't social distance? If you work in a setting where you are being exposed to other people (in a shop, in a service office, in health care etc), think about how you can design your working space to avoid being infected or infecting others. Is it possible to have a screen between yourself and others? Do you regularly disinfect surfaces? Consider how you can actively design your workspace to reduce contamination.

Future implications of violating the rules
If the virus spreads in a second wave, police may be authorized to fine people who clearly break the social distancing rules. Those who commit more severe actions for example coughing, sneezing or spitting on other people may be jailed.

Rewards for being careful
The great reward of following government restrictions and advice is that the whole pandemic will disappear much faster than it will if people don't care about the restrictions. If people don't care, the pandemic will keep on for a long time, perhaps even years. If people everywhere care, it will disappear within a much shorter time. We can all soon live normally again, the economy will recover faster, and bring back more wealth to our lives.