Table 4.

Future Research Opportunities

	Basic	Clinical	Population
SDoH	Identify mechanisms of SDoH influence on CVD risk and pathogenesis	Develop multi-level interventions to reduce health disparities	Leverage cohort studies and novel data sources to further evaluate CVD-SDoH associations
Resilience	Identify the molecular drivers of resilience and factors that influence ARDS/ALI recovery	Develop multi-level interventions that promote resilience in vulnerable populations	In cohort studies, assess longitudinal impacts of adverse environmental conditions on resilience
CVH	Identify biomarkers in childhood, and trajectories through adolescence, to examine associations of early life environment with CVD risk	Develop interventions to improve dietary and medication adherence for older patients with HF	Elucidate impacts of adverse pregnancy outcomes on CVH trajectories
HTN	Leverage imaging and single-cell technologies to assess HTN-induced changes at cellular- and tissue-levels	Develop clinical trials for early intervention and new treatments for diverse hypertensive patient populations	Develop deeply-phenotyped cohorts for improved HTN risk and treatment prediction
HF	Elucidate HF pathophysiology after onset of atrial fibrillation	Develop improved algorithms for clinical decision-making processes for advanced HF	Conduct deep phenotyping studies to define HFpEF subtypes
VCID	Develop animal models that recapitulate progressive changes in human dementia	Develop clinical trials that test efficacy of CVD interventions for VCID	Elucidate population-level differences in VCID risk and trajectory.

See future research opportunities further discussed in SVIP Workshop executive summaries⁵² and peer-reviewed workshop reports^{7,14,15,18,22,42-50}