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. 2021 Jul 16;294:151–158. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.042

Table 3.

Means, standard deviations, and ANOVA for the mental health and Wave 2 psychological variables by groups (N = 1,393)

Mean (SD) F p-value of Post Hoc a
Overall A B C D A-B A-C A-D B-C B-D C-D
W2 Depression 5.12 (4.69) 3.71 (3.55) 4.99 (4.49) 8.68 (4.63) 10.5 (5.50) 157.34⁎⁎⁎ <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
W2 Anxiety 3.92 (4.88) 2.43 (3.25) 3.37 (4.40) 8.03 (5.53) 9.91 (6.31) 187.24⁎⁎⁎ 0.03 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
W2 Social anxiety 0.73 (0.50) 0.65 (0.46) 0.75 (0.52) 0.92 (0.50) 0.99 (0.55) 29.19⁎⁎⁎ 0.04 <0.001 <0.001 0.01 <0.001 1.00
W2 Stress 5.08 (2.37) 4.68 (2.29) 5.07 (2.59) 6.21 (2.17) 6.45 (1.87) 37.10⁎⁎⁎ 0.19 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.00
W2 Fixed mindset 3.27 (0.85) 3.06 (0.78) 3.27 (0.72) 3.86 (0.84) 3.94 (0.78) 83.63⁎⁎⁎ <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.00
W2 Loneliness 0.51 (0.86) 0.31 (0.65) 0.51 (0.91) 1.03 (1.01) 1.27 (1.10) 84.96⁎⁎⁎ 0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.07
W2 Meaning of life 3.81 (1.05) 3.96 (1.04) 3.78 (1.09) 3.43 (1.02) 3.31 (0.89) 24.54⁎⁎⁎ 0.16 <0.001 <0.001 0.01 <0.001 1.00
W2 Self-control 3.68 (0.78) 3.81 (0.76) 3.62 (0.81) 3.38 (0.68) 3.22 (0.75) 35.05⁎⁎⁎ 0.01 <0.001 <0.001 0.02 <0.001 0.51
W2 Family support 3.87 (1.18) 4.12 (1.10) 3.54 (1.28) 3.35 (1.12) 3.31 (1.12) 41.57⁎⁎⁎ <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.72 0.38 1.00
W2 Parental supervision 4.15 (1.22) 4.35 (1.12) 3.92 (1.47) 3.80 (1.25) 3.61 (1.15) 24.39⁎⁎⁎ <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.00 0.11 1.00
W2 Vulnerability to COVID19 2.12 (0.78) 2.06 (0.73) 2.09 (0.82) 2.26 (0.80) 2.37 (0.92) 8.25⁎⁎⁎ 1.00 0.02 <0.001 0.32 0.01 1.00
I am more stressed 0.39 (0.49) 0.34 (0.47) 0.34 (0.47) 0.59 (0.49) 0.62 (0.49) 23.60⁎⁎⁎ 1.00 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.00
I have larger studies pressure 0.62 (0.49) 0.59 (0.49) 0.58 (0.49) 0.69 (0.47) 0.76 (0.43) 6.69⁎⁎⁎ 1.00 0.14 <0.001 0.28 <0.001 1.00
I felt horrified 0.25 (0.43) 0.18 (0.39) 0.22 (0.42) 0.46 (0.50) 0.50 (0.50) 37.30⁎⁎⁎ 1.00 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.00
I felt apprehensive 0.34 (0.47) 0.29 (0.45) 0.27 (0.45) 0.55 (0.50) 0.54 (0.50) 24.02⁎⁎⁎ 1.00 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.00
I felt helpless 0.22 (0.41) 0.15 (0.36) 0.22 (0.42) 0.39 (0.49) 0.48 (0.50) 37.86⁎⁎⁎ 0.18 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.51
I felt safe in the community 3.83 (0.94) 3.93 (0.93) 3.77 (0.95) 3.56 (0.94) 3.53 (0.87) 12.63⁎⁎⁎ 0.19 <0.001 <0.001 0.26 0.12 1.00
I felt safe at home 4.24 (0.84) 4.40 (0.72) 4.08 (1.00) 3.86 (0.98) 3.85 (0.89) 35.04⁎⁎⁎ <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.08 0.06 1.00

Notes. a Bonferroni Post Hoc Test. ⁎⁎⁎p < .001. Group A: Non-suicidal (SI) in both waves; Group B: Recover of SI; Group C: Occurrent of SI; Group D: Recurrent of SI. W2: Wave 2