Table 1.
Studies in jet lag.
| Study | Physical effect | Cognitive effect | Biological markers | Mood effect | Sleep effect | Sample size | Population studied |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arendt et al. (40) | No | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 17 | Healthy volunteers |
| Arendt and Aldhous (41) | No | No | ✓ | No | No | 52 | Long-distance travelers |
| Becker et al. (7) | No | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 89 | Long-distance travelers |
| Belcaro et al. (42)a (study 1) | No | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 68 | Long-distance travelers |
| Belcaro et al. (42)a (study 2) | No | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 65 | Long-distance travelers |
| Cho et al. (43) | No | ✓ | ✓ | No | No | 62 | Airline cabin crew |
| Claustrat et al. (44) | No | ✓ | No | ✓ | ✓ | 30 | Business travelers |
| Eastman et al. (45) | No | No | ✓ | No | ✓ | 26 | Healthy volunteers |
| Edwards et al. (46) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | No | ✓ | 31 | Business travelers |
| Fowler et al. (47) | ✓ | No | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 13 | Healthy male volunteers |
| Fowler et al. (48) | No | No | ✓ | No | ✓ | 18 | Athletes |
| Hill et al. (49)b (study 1) | ✓ | No | No | ✓ | ✓ | 7 | Athletes |
| Hill et al. (49)b (study 2) | ✓ | No | No | ✓ | No | 10 | Healthy volunteers |
| Hill et al. (49)b (study 3) | ✓ | No | No | No | No | 9 | Healthy volunteers |
| Jurvelin et al. (50) | No | No | No | ✓ | ✓ | 55 | Healthy volunteers |
| Katz et al. (51) | No | No | No | ✓ | No | 152 | Foreign tourists |
| Lahti et al. (52) | No | No | No | No | ✓ | 15 | Airline cabin crew |
| Lemmer et al. (24) | ✓ | No | ✓ | No | ✓ | 19 | Athletes |
| Monk et al. (19) | No | No | ✓ | No | ✓ | 20 | Healthy elderly volunteers |
| Nickelsen et al. (53) | No | No | ✓ | No | No | 36 | Long-distance travelers |
| Paul et al. (54)b (study 1) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | No | No | 14 | Healthy volunteers |
| Paul et al. (54)b (study 2) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | No | No | 13 | Healthy volunteers |
| Paul et al. (54)b (study 3) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | No | No | 10 | Healthy volunteers |
| Petrie et al. (55) | No | No | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 20 | Healthy volunteers |
| Petrie et al. (56) | No | No | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 52 | Airline cabin crew |
| Sasaki (25) | No | No | No | No | ✓ | 4 | Healthy volunteers |
| Spitzer et al. (21) | No | No | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 257 | Physicians |
| Suhner et al. (57) | No | No | No | ✓ | ✓ | 320 | Healthy volunteers |
| Suhner et al. (58) | No | No | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 137 | Healthy volunteers |
| Waterhouse et al. (59) | ✓ | No | No | ✓ | ✓ | 39 | Athletes and sport administrators |
| Waterhouse et al. (18) | No | No | ✓ | No | ✓ | 85 | Athletes |