Table 4. Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Characteristic | Number of patients (%) (n = 12) |
| Gender | |
| Male | 8 (66.7%) |
| Female | 4 (33.3%) |
| Race | |
| Malay | 5 (41.7%) |
| Chinese | 1 (8.3%) |
| Indian | 6 (50%) |
| Others | 0 (0%) |
| Medical history | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 (66.7%) |
| Cancer | 0 (0%) |
| Chronic kidney failure | 7 (58.3%) |
| Recurrent urinary tract infection | 0 (0%) |
| Chronic obstructive airway disease | 1 (8.3%) |
| History of antimicrobial exposure in hospital within the past 3 months | |
| Cephalosporins | 2 |
| B-lactam and inhibitor combination | 10 |
| Quinolones | 0 |
| Macrolides | 2 |
| Clindamycin | 0 |
| Penicillin | 0 |
| Sulfa drugs | 0 |