Table 1.
Patient characteristics and intensive care unit outcomesa
| Variable | Total (N = 66,549) | Deliriumb (n = 13,427) | Depressed alertnessb (n = 16,250) | Preserved cognition (n = 36,872) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, (yr) | 66 (54–77) | 69 (58–79) | 67 (54–78) | 65 (52–75) |
| Sex | ||||
| Women | 28,234 (42.4) | 5701 (42.5) | 7259 (44.7) | 15,274 (41.4) |
| Men | 38,315 (57.6) | 7726 (57.5) | 8991 (55.3) | 21,598 (58.6) |
| Postsurgical ICU admission | 23,731 (35.7) | 4033 (30.0) | 6826 (42.0) | 12,872 (34.9) |
| Index ICU specialty | ||||
| Cardiac, medical | 10,796 (16.2) | 1136 (8.5) | 1834 (11.3) | 7826 (21.2) |
| Cardiac, surgical | 12,096 (18.2) | 1367 (10.2) | 3937 (24.2) | 6792 (18.4) |
| Medical/surgical/transplant | 8055 (12.1) | 1927 (14.4) | 1542 (9.5) | 4586 (12.4) |
| Medical | 16,573 (24.9) | 4021 (29.9) | 4574 (28.1) | 7878 (21.4) |
| Trauma/general | 10,852 (16.3) | 2503 (18.6) | 2456 (15.1) | 5893 (16.0) |
| Vascular/thoracic | 8177 (12.3) | 2473 (18.4) | 1907 (11.7) | 3797 (10.3) |
| SOFA score |
5 (2–8) (n = 57,923) |
7 (4–9) (n = 12,085) |
6 (4–8) (n = 13,270) |
4 (2–6) (n = 32,568) |
| APACHE III score |
64 (50–80) (n = 61,557) |
76 (61–93) (n = 12,827) |
70 (55–85) (n = 14,586) |
58 (45–72) (n = 34,144) |
| Invasive ventilator use | 29,714 (44.6) | 7868 (58.6) | 10,154 (62.5) | 11,692 (31.7) |
| ICU length of stay, (d) | 2.1 (1.5–3.9) | 4.1 (2.1–8.7) | 2.7 (1.7–4.8) | 1.8 (1.2–2.8) |
| Hospital length of stay, (d) | 7.4 (4.6–12.9) | 12.7 (7.6–22.8) | 8.6 (5.7–14.4) | 6.1 (3.8–9.3) |
| Hospital discharge status | ||||
| Alive | 60,977 (91.6) | 11,355 (84.6) | 14,561 (89.6) | 35,061 (95.1) |
| Deceased | 5572 (8.4) | 2072 (15.4) | 1689 (10.4) | 1811 (4.9) |
APACHE III, Acute Physiology Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation III, CAM-ICU, Confusion Assessment Method of the Intensive Care Unit; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range, No, number, SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
aContinuous variables are summarized as median (IQR), and categorical variables are summarized as No. (%) of ICU admissions
bICU admissions of patients with a positive CAM-ICU score were included in the delirium group. ICU admissions of patients who did not have a positive CAM-ICU score but who had a Glasgow Coma Scale score < 15 and/or Full Outline of UnResponsiveness score < 16 were included in the depressed alertness group