Table 3.

Hierarchical regression exploring the relationship between garden ownership and mental well-being for 490 German residents during the COVID-19 pandemic (unstandardized beta weights).

	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3
	Beta	p-value	95% CI		Beta	p-value	95% CI		Beta	p-value	95% CI
Constant	42.963	0.000	37.612	48.314	35.558	0.000	29.661	41.454	29.088	0.000	21.824	36.351
Block I: Socio-demographics
Gender	−0.668	0.439	−2.364	1.027	−0.258	0.761	−1.923	1.406	0.032	0.968	−1.560	1.625
Age (reference = 18–29 years)
30–39	0.531	0.660	−1.839	2.900	0.402	0.733	−1.916	2.720	0.592	0.598	−1.612	2.795
40–49	−1.185	0.315	−3.500	1.129	−0.730	0.523	−2.976	1.515	−1.227	0.262	−3.376	0.921
50–59	−0.556	0.629	−2.820	1.708	−0.117	0.917	−2.317	2.083	−0.314	0.769	−2.413	1.785
60–65	2.551	0.067	−0.179	5.281	3.126	0.021	0.464	5.787	2.121	0.108	−0.465	4.707
Household income (reference = ≤€1,500)
€1,501 - €2,499	0.907	0.505	−1.762	3.576	1.242	0.344	−1.336	3.819	0.602	0.630	−1.854	3.058
€2,500 - €4,000	2.470	0.067	−0.172	5.112	2.428	0.062	−0.126	4.983	1.903	0.126	−0.538	4.343
>€4,000	2.653	0.074	−0.262	5.568	2.681	0.063	−0.147	5.509	2.413	0.080	−0.290	5.116
Fully employed (1 = yes)	2.124	0.020	0.340	3.909	1.870	0.034	0.143	3.596	0.777	0.367	−0.916	2.470
Region (1 = urban)	0.609	0.452	−0.981	2.199	0.534	0.494	−0.999	2.068	0.147	0.845	−1.328	1.621
Living alone (1 = yes)	−1.154	0.293	−3.309	1.001	−1.266	0.234	−3.355	0.823	−0.887	0.380	−2.870	1.097
Fear of job loss	−1.265	0.000	−1.699	−0.831	−1.336	0.000	−1.758	−0.913	−1.219	0.000	−1.623	−0.815
Garden owners (1 = yes)	2.704	0.002	1.000	4.407	1.229	0.193	−0.625	3.084	0.261	0.773	−1.512	2.033
Block II: Being outside (reference = ≤4 h)
>4 to ≤ 10 h (2nd quartile)					3.007	0.005	0.922	5.093	2.483	0.014	0.503	4.463
>11 to ≤ 18 h (3rd quartile)					3.733	0.001	1.483	5.983	2.731	0.013	0.579	4.884
>18 h (4th quartile)					3.427	0.003	1.137	5.716	2.324	0.038	0.129	4.519
Change in time spend outside for sport					0.514	0.098	−0.096	1.123	0.533	0.071	−0.046	1.111
Change in time spend outside for leisure					1.182	0.000	0.538	1.827	1.039	0.001	0.427	1.650
Block III: Personality traits
Extroversion									1.493	0.115	−0.364	3.350
Agreeableness									1.025	0.236	−0.674	2.724
Agency									1.335	0.074	−0.129	2.799
Openness									0.152	0.873	−1.711	2.015
Conscientiousness									1.487	0.054	−0.024	2.997
Neuroticism									−2.191	0.000	−3.299	−1.083
F-statistics	F(13,476) = 7024				F(18,471) = 7785				F(24, 465) = 9168
Prob>F	0.000				0.000				0.000
Adjusted R2	0.138				0.220				0.286
R2	0.161				0.200				0.321
Delta R2					0.068				0.092
F for Delta R2					8353 (p = 0.000)				10,492 (p = 0.000)