Table 2.

Variable definition and statistics of farmers in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh, India, 2020.

Socio-economic and agriculture profile	Mean	Standard deviation
Gender (male = 1)	0.92	0.27
Age (year)	44	13
Education (year)	6.16	4.78
Household size (number)	5.91	3.01
Religion (hindu = 1)	0.94	0.23
Schedule caste and tribe (yes = 1)	0.33	0.47
Below poverty line (yes)	0.29	0.45
Kisan credit card (yes = 1)	0.42	0.49
Land size (hectare)	1.30	1.94
Primary source of income (cultivation = 1)	0.73	0.44
Primary source of income (livestock and other agriculture = 1)	0.18	0.39
Primary source of income (non-agriculture = 1)	0.08	0.27
Primary source of income (other = 1)	0.01	0.11
Farm experience of the head of household (year)	21	11
Smart phone (yes = 1)	0.21	0.41
Tractor ownership (yes = 1)	0.19	0.39
Asset index (number)	0.00	1.53
Soil health card (yes = 1)	0.11	0.31
Crop insured (yes = 1)	0.46	0.50
Access to extension services (yes = 1)	0.03	0.18
Social network
Discussed farming with friends, relatives, neighbors (yes = 1)	0.39	0.49
Village characteristics
Distance of village to nearest input market (Km)	6.8	5.3
Distance of village to nearest output market (Km)	9.2	6.4
Distance of village to nearest bank (Km)	5.4	4.4
Distance of village to block headquarter (Km)	9.6	6.9
Distance of village to district headquarter (Km)	26.7	20.0
Plot characteristics
Soil type (clay = 1)	0.31	0.46
Soil type (loam = 1)	0.17	0.38
Soil type (sandy = 1)	0.06	0.25
Soil type (sandy loam = 1)	0.45	0.50
Rainfed cultivation (yes)	0.41	0.49
Number of farmers	1789

Source: ICAR-IFPRI Survey 2017–18 and 2018–19.