Table 4.

Preintervention, postintervention, and change scores for cervical muscle endurance and cervical AROM (n = 43)

	Intervention group (n = 20)	Control group (n = 23)	p value*	Cohen’s d
DCFET (s) Preintervention Postintervention Pre-post change score	12.17 (6.7) 17.16 (7.35) 5.16 (7.1)	11.05 (7.11) 11.15 (5.67) .10 (6.71)	p = .023	.72
Flexion (°) Preintervention Postintervention Pre-post change score	46.26 (13.40) 55.20 (10.45) 8.95 (8.60)†	43.43 (11.87) 41.43 (12.84)  − 2.00 (13.90)	p = .004	.91
Extension (°) Preintervention Postintervention Pre-post change score	42.45 (13.83) 54.20 (13.02) 11.75 (8.85)†	46.48 (13.17) 41.43 (13.78)  − 5.04 (11.78)	p < .001	1.57
Affected rotation (°) Preintervention Postintervention Pre-post change score	54.05 (11.52) 64.80 (11.18) 10.75 (11.97)†	51.91 (16.11) 51.57 (13.05) .35 (16.02)	p = .015	.76
Unaffected rotation (°) Preintervention Postintervention Pre-post change score	53.70 (15.53) 63.55 (13.30) 9.85 (11.90)†	51.91 (13.13) 51.61 (15.22)  − .30 (17.27)	p = .033	.66
Affected lateral flexion (°) Preintervention Postintervention Pre-post change score	31.90 (8.78) 39.55 (10.22) 7.65 (7.96)†	32.87 (10.22) 30.26 (10.26)  − 2.60 (10.08)	p = .001	1.1
Unaffected lateral flexion (°) Preintervention Postintervention Pre-post change score	27.30 (8.70) 37.55 (10.52) 10.25 (5.68)†	29.74 (8.90) 28.26 (10.22)  − 1.48 (9.87)	p < .001	1.4

Values are mean (SD). The mean difference (SD) for pre-post change score. *Time x group interaction (ANCOVA analysis). ° degrees, ANCOVA analysis of covariance, AROM active range of motion, DCFET deep cervical flexor endurance test, s seconds. ^†p < .01