Table 5.

Preintervention, postintervention, and change scores for shoulder AROM in degrees (n = 43)

	Intervention group (n = 20)	Control group (n = 23)	p value*	Cohen’s d
Affected Flexion   Preintervention   Postintervention   Pre-post change score	154.05 ± 11.36 167 ± 9.98 12.95 ± 10.93†	152.41 ± 19.43 154.45 ± 10.7 2.04 ± 17.13	p = .245	N/A
Unaffected Flexion   Preintervention   Postintervention   Pre-post change score	154.25 ± 17.49 164.25 ± 12.21 10 ± 11.09†	156.09 ± 21.34 146.61 ± 31.18  − 9.48 ± 29.10	p = .007	.85
Affected abduction   Preintervention   Postintervention   Pre-post change score	145.9 ± 26.75 173.75 ± 17.16 26.85 ± 24.02†	148.64 ± 24.90 145.91 ± 24.25  − 2.73 ± 20.60	p = .001	1.3
Unaffected abduction   Preintervention   Postintervention   Pre-post change score	155.85 ± 29.60 169.40 ± 18.90 13.55 ± 27.07	150.22 ± 28.21 147.83 ± 34.96  − 2.39 ± 26.50	p = .044	.58
Affected external rotation   Preintervention   Postintervention   Pre-post change score	76.60 ± 12.61 84.65 ± 17.24 8.05 ± 13.87	74.04 ± 18.79 74.91 ± 19.51 .87 ± 17.90	p = .154	N/A
Unaffected external rotation   Preintervention   Postintervention   Pre-post change score	76.95 ± 15.83 85.30 ± 9.50 8.35 ± 11.26†	75.26 ± 15.8 74.74 ± 18.13  − .52 ± 13.58	p = .026	.69
Affected internal rotation   Preintervention   Postintervention   Pre-post change score	73.95 ± 12.21 76.85 ± 10.61 2.9 ± 16.70	71.26 ± 13.40 70.74 ± 11.07  − .52 ± 14.87	p = .481	N/A
Unaffected internal rotation   Preintervention   Postintervention   Pre-post change score	73.55 ± 14.39 76.85 ± 12.01 3.3 ± 17.20	71.22 ± 18.85 72.30 ± 15.81 1.08 ± 19.31	p = .696	N/A

Values are mean (SD). The mean difference (SD) for pre-post change score. *Time x group interaction (ANCOVA analysis). ANCOVA analysis of covariance, AROM active range of motion, N/A not applicable. ^†p < .01