Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Dec 5;29(12):1217–1227. doi: 10.1038/s41594-022-00864-x

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 4 — a, Cartoons depicting the four types of modified gRNA. b, Representative unzipping mapper traces that highlight the force signature difference between a bound dCas9 containing a modified gRNA with a 7-nt inverted repeat (IR) and a bound dCas9 containing an unmodified gRNA. Vertical dashed lines bracket the position of the gRNA-DNA hybrid. Naked DNA traces are shown in black. The red arrow indicates the location of the unzipping force dropping below the naked DNA baseline for the trace with an unmodified gRNA. c, Transcription read-through efficiency for RNAP encountering a bound dCas from either the PAM-distal side or the PAM-proximal side. DNA was always unzipped in the same direction as RNAP translocation. For each sample chamber, both control traces and noncontrol traces were taken to obtain the read-through efficiency for that chamber. Each type of experiment was repeated using n biologically independent sample chambers: dCas9 PAM-distal, n = 6 (3-nt mismatch), n = 6 (unmodified), n = 5 (5-nt IR), n = 8 (6-nt IR) and n = 8 (7-nt IR); dCas9 PAM-distal, n = 5 (3-nt mismatch), n = 5 (unmodified), n = 5 (5-nt IR), n = 6 (6-nt IR) and n = 5 (7-nt IR). Read-through values were calculated for each sample chamber (black dots) and the mean value and s.e.m. of these repeats are also shown. Source data containing traces for b and transcription read-through values for c are provided.

Source data