Table 5.
Effect of Flu (1918–19) on Real Wages, by Occupation.
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture | Builder | Stone-Cutter | Carpenter | Blacksmith | Metal | Painter | Tailor | Shoemaker | ||
| Panel A: Total Flu | ||||||||||
| Total Fluc ∗ D1918 | −19.25*** | −6.68* | −4.51 | −4.19 | −6.26** | −1.06 | −3.81 | −20.59*** | −29.64*** | |
| (2.19) | (3.41) | (3.51) | (2.43) | (2.13) | (4.88) | (7.26) | (3.36) | (1.35) | ||
| Total Fluc ∗ | −8.22** | −7.30* | −11.21** | −8.23*** | −6.79** | −4.06 | −0.86 | −6.69* | −5.03*** | |
| DPost − 1918 | (2.85) | (3.92) | (4.16) | (3.43) | (2.98) | (4.92) | (7.37) | (3.80) | (1.04) | |
| Lag Real Wagect | −0.61*** (0.08) | −0.56*** (0.07) | −0.53*** (0.06) | −0.52*** (0.07) | −0.52*** (0.08) | −0.46*** (0.06) | −0.44*** (0.07) | −0.43*** (0.06) | −0.52*** (0.09) | |
| Panel D: Flu Effect (2) | ||||||||||
| Total Fluc ∗ | −9.10*** | −7.25* | −10.66** | −7.91** | −6.75** | −3.83 | −1.08 | −7.73* | −6.94** | |
| DPost − 1917 | (2.86) | (3.85) | (4.13) | (3.29) | (2.85) | (4.91) | (7.35) | (3.88) | (2.71) | |
| Lag Real Wagect | −0.62*** | −0.56*** | −0.52*** | −0.52*** | −0.52*** | −0.45*** | −0.44*** | −0.44*** | −0.53*** | |
| (0.08) | (0.07) | (0.06) | (0.07) | (0.08) | (0.06) | (0.07) | (0.06) | (0.09) | ||
| Province Fixed Effects | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| Year Fixed Effects | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| Observations | 720 | 720 | 720 | 720 | 720 | 720 | 720 | 720 | 720 | |
Notes: Dependent variable is annual growth rate of real wage for province and year. Total Flu is the value of excess death in 1918 and 1919. 1918 is a dummy equal to one for year 1918. Dt is a dummy equal to one for year t and zero otherwise. t = Pre-1918 is omitted from the regression and it is the control period. Total Effect is the sum of the two coefficients. The table reports fixed effects regressions weighted by population. Standard errors are clustered at the year level. * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01.