Table 2.
Associations of current mental disorders with levels and changes of COVID-19-related fear, depressive, and anxiety symptoms over time.
| COVID-19- related fear (C-19-A) | Depressive and anxiety symptoms (PHQ-4) | Depressive symptoms (PHQ-2) | Anxiety symptoms (GAD-2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of observations | 10,667 | 10,624 | 10,624 | 10,625 |
| Coefficient | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male vs. female | −0.161** (0.025) | −0.138** (0.023) | −0.053* (0.024) | −0.200**(0.023) |
| Diverse vs. female | −0.142 (0.140) | −0.002 (0.128) | 0.057 (0.131) | −0.069 (0.129) |
| Diverse vs. male | 0.020 (0.142) | 0.136 (0.130) | 0.110 (0.132) | 0.130 (0.130) |
| Age | 0.005** (0.001) | −0.007** (0.001) | −0.009** (0.001) | −0.003** (0.001) |
| Other mental disorder | 0.216** (0.050) | 0.524** (0.045) | 0.445** (0.046) | 0.524** (0.045) |
| Depressive disorder | 0.279**(0.042) | 0.813** (0.039) | 0.865** (0.040) | 0.640** (0.039) |
| Anxiety disorder | 0.687**(0.036) | 0.794** (0.034) | 0.598** (0.035) | 0.866** (0.034) |
| Symptom change | −0.256**(0.007) | −0.073** (0.008) | −0.036** (0.008) | −0.095** (0.008) |
| Symptom change * depressive disorder | 0.015 (0.022) | 0.010 (0.023) | −0.020 (0.025) | 0.042 (0.024) |
| Symptom change * anxiety disorder | −0.104** (0.020) | −0.084** (0.021) | −0.067** (0.023) | −0.088** (0.022) |
Note. b = coefficient from multilevel mixed-effect models. Standard errors are in parenthesis. Significance levels: ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05.