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. 2022 Dec 5;18:100512. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100512

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

(A) Illustration and technical theory of preparation of PEVs in vitro. (B) A schematic diagram of the IVDD retarding pathway by the local injection of PEVs reduce oxidative stress and activate the mitochondrial functional protein pathway.