Fig. 7.

Effects of PEVs on mitochondrial functional proteins. (A) Fluorescence expression of mitochondrial functional protein PGC1α. Scale bar ​= ​50 ​μm. (B) Quantification of specific immunofluorescence intensities according to (A). (C) Western blot analysis showing SIRT1, PGC1α, TFAM, Nrf1, and Nrf2 protein levels after treatment with 100 ​μg/mL PEVs (with 200 ​μM ​H₂O₂ stimulation) and 100 ​μg/mL PLTs. βactin was used as a loading control. Uncropped gel is in SI Fig. 4C. (D) Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial functional protein expression differences in each group. (E–F) Fluorescence intensity and quantitative analysis of mitochondria using MitoSOX Red staining. Scale bar ​= ​50 ​μm. Significance between four groups was calculated using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test. Data are presented as mean ​± ​SD (n ​= ​3). (Scale bars are listed above; ∗: P ​< ​0.05, ∗∗: P ​< ​0.01, ∗∗∗: P ​< ​0.005, and ∗∗∗∗: P ​< ​0.001).