Table 2.
Descriptive results of key outcome variables.
| Key outcomes | Pre-COVID-19 (2019) |
Post-COVID-19 (2020) |
Difference test |
|---|---|---|---|
| Food security indicators | |||
| Skip a meal (0/1) | 0.26 | 0.73 | 0.47*** |
| Run out of food (0/1) | 0.25 | 0.57 | 0.32*** |
| Went without eating for a whole day (0/1) | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.20*** |
| Labor market participation | |||
| Work in any activity | 0.93 | 0.67 | −0.25*** |
| Farm activities | 0.65 | 0.45 | −0.19*** |
| Non-farm business activities | 0.58 | 0.37 | −0.21*** |
| Wage employment | 0.26 | 0.12 | −0.14*** |
| No. observations | 1,882 | 1,882 | |
Notes: Food security indicators are measured as household-level responses to a question that elicits food insecurity experienced in the last 30 days. The food insecurity index is constructed using principal component analysis. Labor market participation indicators take a value of 1 if any adult member of the household reported labor allocation for that category of activity within the last 7 days.
Source: Authors' calculations based on Nigeria LSMS-ISA 2018–19 and 2020 rounds. Values are weighted using the sampling weights discussed above.