Table 8.
COVID-19 cases, governmental responses, and household food security outcomes, with household type and geography interactions.
| Panel A: COVID-19 cases and household food security outcomes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| Skip a meal | Ran out of food | Went without eating for a whole day | Food insecurity index | |
| Post dummy (2020 round) | 0.481*** | 0.321*** | 0.184*** | 0.830*** |
| (0.024) | (0.025) | (0.020) | (0.042) | |
| COVID-19 cases*Urban*Post | 0.007 | 0.012 | 0.017 | 0.027 |
| (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.014) | (0.028) | |
| COVID-19 cases*Remote*Post | 0.014 | 0.031*** | 0.022** | 0.059** |
| (0.011) | (0.010) | (0.010) | (0.023) | |
| COVID-19 cases*Asset poor tercile*Post | 0.037*** | 0.022* | 0.027* | 0.067** |
| (0.013) | (0.012) | (0.016) | (0.029) | |
| COVID-19 cases*North East Zone*Post | 0.021* | 0.000 | 0.034* | 0.039* |
| (0.011) | (0.012) | (0.018) | (0.020) | |
| Household fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| R-squared | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.36 |
| No. observations | 3764 | 3764 | 3764 | 3764 |
| Panel B: Governmental lockdown measures and household food security outcomes | ||||
| Post dummy (2020 round) | 0.481*** | 0.325*** | 0.192*** | 0.865*** |
| (0.023) | (0.024) | (0.020) | (0.049) | |
| Lockdown*Urban*Post | 0.044 | 0.041 | 0.053 | 0.107 |
| (0.054) | (0.051) | (0.056) | (0.105) | |
| Lockdown*Remote*Post | 0.093** | 0.056 | 0.060 | 0.167** |
| (0.039) | (0.041) | (0.045) | (0.085) | |
| Lockdown*Asset poor tercile*Post | 0.226*** | 0.135* | 0.111 | 0.392*** |
| (0.053) | (0.069) | (0.083) | (0.142) | |
| Lockdown*North East Zone*Post | 0.019* | 0.022 | 0.136* | 0.033* |
| (0.010) | (0.050) | (0.076) | (0.017) | |
| Household fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| R-squared | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.36 |
| No. observations | 3764 | 3764 | 3764 | 3764 |
Note: All estimations are adjusted by sampling weights for accounting non-response in the phone survey. The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases is transformed using inverse hyperbolic sine transformation to keep zero cases for few states. Lockdown stands for indicator variables for those states who introduced lockdown measures to contain the spread of the virus. Standard errors, clustered at EA level, are given in parentheses. * p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.
Source: Authors' calculations based on Nigeria LSMS-ISA 2018–19 and 2020 rounds.