Table 1.
Sorbed chemical contaminants on several weathered plastic particles (MP and NP) investigated in microcosm (M)/lab and field (F) conditions with the instrumental techniques used.
| S.No. | MPs/NPs polymer types in the environment/ Organism | MPs-size | Organic sorbed chemicals | Detection techniques | Study type [Microcosm (M)/Field (F)] | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | PE & PS M. galloprovincialis |
< 100 µm | Pyrene | HPLC-Fluorimetric detection |
M | Avio et al. (2015); Rodrigues et al. (2019) |
| 2. | PS | 5 µm | Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) | SEM & Flow cytometer | M | Li et al., 2020a, Li et al., 2020b |
| 3. | PA, PE, PVC, PS | < 250 µm | n-Hexane, Cyclohexane Benzene Toluene Chlorobenzene Ethylbenzoate Naphthalene |
GC-MS | M | Hüffer and Hofmann (2016) |
| 4. | PET, PE-HD, PP, PVC PE-LD |
Pellets (<5 mm) | Acenaphthalene, Acenaphthene Fluorene, Phenanthrene Anthracene, Fluoranthene Pyrene, Benz(a)anthracene Chrysene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene, Indeno(123-cd)pyrene, Dibenzo(ah)anthracene Benzo(ghi)perylene, CB congeners: 8, 18, 28, 52, 44, 60, 101, 81, 77, 123, 118, 114, 153, 105, 138, 126, 187, 128, 167, 156, 180, 169, 170, 189, 196, 206, 209 |
GC-MS | F | Rochman et al. (2013); Rodrigues et al. (2019) |
| 5. | PP | 0.45–0.85 mm | Tonalide, Musk xylene, Musk ketone | GC-MS | M | Zhang et al. (2017) |
| 6. | PE | 10–180 µm | PCB 118 PCB 126 |
GC-MS | M | Velzeboer et al. (2014); Rodrigues et al. (2019) |
| 7. | PS | 70 nm (nano) | Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Fluoranthene, Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene, Chrysene Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo[g,h,i]perylene |
HPLC-fluorescence Detector |
M | Liu et al. (2016) |
| 8. | PE | 10–20 µm Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Benzo(a)pyrene | Fluorescence spectroscopy |
M | Batel et al. (2018) |
| 9. | PVC PE |
200–250 µm A.marina, Fish, Seabird (Fulmarus glacialis) |
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Phenanthrene Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate |
LSC | M | Bakir et al., (2016) |
| 10. | PE-LD | 20–25 µm M. galloprovincialis |
Benzo(a)pyrene | GC-MS | M | Pittura et al. (2018) |
| 11. | PE | 212–250 µm Bacteria |
Phenanthrene, Anthracene | GC-MS | M | Kleinteich et al. (2018) |
| 12. | PE | Pellets (<5 mm) | PCBs (38 PCB congeners) | GC-MS | M | Rodrigues et al. (2019) |
| 13. | PE, PP, PS | < 250 µm | Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene Anthracene, Pentachlorobenzene Chrysene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, Benzo(ghi)perylene, Pyrene αß-HCH, ߥ-HCH, ¥--HCH, £ -HCH Hexachlorobenzene |
GC-ECD (HCHs, PCBs) HPLC- Fluorescence detector (PAHs) |
M | Lee et al. (2014); Rodrigues et al. (2019) |