Table 2.
Chemical contaminants (organic/inorganic) adsorbed on MPs under the event of weathering and their eco-toxic impacts.
| S.No. | CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS | MPs | Model organism/ species | Eco-toxicity (cumulative-MPs+ adsorbed chemical) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ORGANIC CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS | |||||
| 1. | PAHs/PCBs/PBDEs | PE; PS; PSNPs and humic acid-PS-matrix | Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes); Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis); Daphnia magna; Gammarus roeseli |
Adsorption of PAHs led to genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, and endocrine disruption | Rochman et al. (2014); Avio et al. (2015); Ma et al. (2020); Lin et al. (2020); Bartonitz et al. (2020) |
| 2. | Procainamide and doxycycline (pharmaceuticals) |
Red fluorescent polymer microspheres |
Tetraselmis chuii (marine microalga) |
Adsorbed pharmaceutical chemicals enhanced reduction in chlorophyll | Prata (2018) |
| 3. | Triclosan (TCS) | PE;PS;PVC; PVC800 |
Skeletonema costatum (microalga) |
The adsorption of TCS led to reduced growth | Zhu et al. (2019) |
| 4. | 14C Phenanthrene | PS MPs | Daphnia magna | Enhanced the eco-toxicity | Ma et al. (2020) |
| 5. | Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), PCBs, methyl-mercury | LDPE | Zebrafish | Adsorbed LDPE caused acute liver toxicity in fish | Rainieri et al. (2018) |
| 6. | Organic pyrethroid insecticide (deltamethrin) | PE MPs | Daphnia magna | Enhanced eco-toxic responses | Felten et al. (2020) |
| 7. | Tetrabromobisphenol a (TBBPA) | Cosmetic-derived MP (PE microbeads) | Zebrafish | Enhanced oxidative stress | Yu et al., 2020a, Yu et al., 2020b |
| 8. | Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) | PS MPs | Marine scallop (Chlamys farreri) |
Adverse impacts on hemocyte phagocytosis and ultrastructural changes in gills and digestive gland | Xia et al. (2020) |
| 9. | Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47) | PS MPs | Marine mussel (Mytilus coruscus) | Elevated respiration rate and antioxidant enzyme levels | Gu et al. (2020) |
| INORGANIC CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS | |||||
| 10. | Hg | Fluorescence red polymer microspheres |
European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) |
Hg adsorption on polymer enhanced the eco-toxic impact in the form of oxidative stress and neuro-toxicity | Antao Barboza et al. (2018); Ma et al. (2020) |
| 11. | Cu | PS | Zebrafish | MPs associated with natural organic matter (NOM) elevated the toxicity of Cu, manifested through increased levels of malonaldehyde and metallothionein while reducing super-oxide dismutase (SOD) | Qiao et al. (2019) |
| 12. | Ni | PS; PS-COOH | Daphnia magna | Adsorption of Ni on PS demonstrated antagonistic effect on eco-toxicity, whereas PS-COOH had a synergistic effect with Ni |
Kim et al. (2017) |
| 13. | Pb & Cr | Powdered MPs | Microcystis aeruginosa | Concentrations (>10 µg L−1) led to inhibition of photosynthesis | Luo et al., 2020a, Luo et al., 2020, Luo et al., 2020 |
| 14. | Pb | polyolefins & PVC | Avian physiologically-based extraction test (PBET) | Bioaccessible concentrations of added Pb (as chemical additive) were significantly higher than environmentally adsorbed | Turner et al. (2020) |
| 15. | Ag | PE microbeads from cosmetics | L. minor and Daphnia magna | Ag on aged microbeads exhibited eco-toxicological impacts | Kalčíková et al. (2020) |