Table 2.

Factors affecting the public value of eHealth applications.

	Endogenous Factors	Exogenous Factors
User orientation	•SCs and CTAs do not enable direct communication between end-users and healthcare professionals •CTAs do not integrate symptom checkers or information updates on the disease •SCs do not provide personalised information
Participation	•Closed source software •Lack of transparency on the algorithms used in SCs and HMAs	•Market power of digital platforms
Legality	•Centralised model for data storage •Lack of transparency on the governance of personal data •The application is not available at a national level •The application is not available in non-official languages	•Trade-off between individual right to privacy and public value of big data.
Equity	•The service can only be accessed by inserting a personal ID.	•Structural inequalities in the access to digital technologies.

Source: Developed by authors based on the analysis of the case studies in Appendix 2.