Table 1.

Descriptive statistics.

Panel A. Time-series variables
Variable	N	Mean	Sta. Dev.	1st Percentile	50th Percentile	99th Percentile
Residential areas	11,736	11.98	10.43	−4	11	38
Workplaces	11,760	−26.15	24.01	−79	−25	17
Parks	11,760	−3.96	51.74	−85	−9	184
Transit Stations	11,760	−35.79	26.71	−87	−36	12
Retail and Recreation	11,760	−32.25	28.20	−90	−28	12
Grocery and Pharmacy	11,755	−12.76	21.45	−84	−7	24
Government stringency	11,760	58.78	28.85	0	67.13	100

Panel B. Country-level variables related with main results
Variable	N	Mean	Sta. Dev.	1st Percentile	50th Percentile	99th Percentile
Power Distance	80	63.50	20.75	11	67.50	100
Individualism	80	41.09	22.93	10	32.50	91
Masculinity	80	47.60	18.92	5	48.50	100
Uncertainty Avoidance	80	66.51	21.62	8	66.50	100
Long-term Orientation	80	44.10	24.68	0	39.50	100
Indulgence	80	46.67	23.12	0	46	97
GDP per capita	80	31,296	23,678	1334	27,659	121,293
Smartphone penetration	80	0.51	0.21	0.01	0.56	0.89
Mobile cellular subscription	80	118.2	30.1	43.13	119	270

Notes: Social distancing data are from Google Community Mobility Report. We use Government stringency Index from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. We use 2019 GDP per capita (PPP Current International Dollars) and mobile cellular subscription (per 100 people) from the World Bank Development Index. Culture values come from Hofstede Insights. Smartphone penetration is predicted by data in Appendix 2.