Table 1.

Recommendations for the planning and management of beaches.

Category for beach management and coastal planning	Recommendations
Instruments of coastal planning	1.Formulate new planning instruments and methodologies for coastal marine regulating of beaches.
	2.Improve the regulatory framework or coastal policies and legislation or design management and planning strategies for the sustainability of tourist destinations on beaches in a post-pandemic scenario.
	3.Design measures to control the unlimited load capacity affecting most of today's beaches.
	4.Regulate the activities of informal traders.
	5.Create local beach committees under the coordination of local governments and communities.
Use of space	6.Zone off areas on the beach for sunbathing and relaxation according to the level of tides. Establish active, resting and service areas.
	7.Regulate the beach by family groups. Keep these shorter, (maximum of 4 h), to reduce crowding and give opportunities for a greater number of people to share and enjoy the space.
	8.Maintain a distance in the sunbathing, recreation, and bathing areas of at least 2 m between non-family members.
	9.Do not allow umbrellas, chairs and belongings, or groups of people to be placed in the transit area of the beach.
	10.Establish shaded points with an area of at least 12 m2 and a distance between individual perimeters of no less than 3 m from each other (modified according to Bianchi et al. 2020 ).
	11.At each shaded point, a maximum of 4 people must be authorized (modified according to Bianchi et al. 2020 ).
	12.Prohibit group sport activities (such as volleyball, soccer, basketball) and regulate water sports and leisure activities. Prioritize those that can be developed with no more than two people (water bikes, kayaks).
	13.Maintain distances between hammock or deck chair areas, while cleaning and disinfecting these after each use.
	14.Open kiosks and bars with customer restriction measures. Establish prior reservation schedules and the organization of space with tables located more than 2 m away.
Beach access	15.Regulate the entrances and exits of each beach via the competent authorities.
Beach occupancy	16.Implement a visitor control system and occupancy level in the bathing and recreation areas using traffic lights or other technological means.
	17.Update beach occupancy levels throughout the day.
Hours of beach use by the visitors	18.Set time slots that allow rotation for the use and enjoyment of each beach recreation area, according to types of activities and, when possible, by age groups. Prioritize age groups, such as older adults, to avoid beach use in the afternoon when the sun is more intense.
Hygiene and biosafety on the beach	19.The bathroom and toilet areas must have hygienic products and biosecurity standards for the use of one person at a time. Maintain good ventilation and fit them out with soap and hydroalcoholic gels, disposable towels, and pedal bins.
	20.Restrict the use of showers. Only for people with disabilities or special needs.
	21.Increase the frequency of cleaning and disinfection in public areas of the beach - at least four times a day. Increase on the busiest days.
	22.Place baskets for garbage collection separated into types of waste. E.g. masks and gloves according to their types (nylon, rubber, textiles).
	23.Frequently carry out beach sand disinfection activities.
	24.In children's play areas, cleaning and disinfection will be carried out prior to opening the beach.
	25.Record environmental changes and implement monitoring actions for morphodynamic, physicochemical, ecological/biological variables and environmental quality.
Signage on beaches	26.Put signs at aid stations reminding people to keep a minimum 2-m distance.
	27.Elaborate a system of signs that are homogeneous in their meaning worldwide where green represents: favorable conditions for bathing according to the number of people present in the bathing area; Yellow: dangerous conditions (bathing is only allowed within the flags that demarcate the bathing points); Red: forbidden to swim in the sea (the prohibition to swim will be established by the lifeguard, (modified according to Bianchi et al. 2020 ).