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. 2021 Mar 23;93:104231. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104231

Table 2.

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) before and during COVID-19 confinement by countries.

Food groups All countries Southern Mediterranean region
Balkan Mediterranean region
Non-Mediterranean region
Greece
Italy
Portugal
Spain
Turkey
Bosnia
Croatia
N. Macedonia
Slovenia
Montenegro
Denmark
Germany
Ireland
Lithuania
Poland
Serbia
n = 36185 n = 1488 n = 1411 n = 1308 n = 7514 n = 2733 n = 1507 n = 4281 n = 1057 n = 2648 n = 1655 n = 2462 n = 827 n = 714 n = 2447 n = 1927 n = 2206
MedDiet confinement, mean (SD) a b 6.15 (2.06) 6.88 (1.77) 6.70 (1.62) 7.34 (1.95) 7.18 (1.84) 5.70 (1.89) 5.46 (2.09) 5.85 (2.04) 5.90 (2.09) 6.08 (1.80) 5.59 (2.13) 5.45 (2.09) 5.91 (1.90) 5.82 (2.18) 5.13 (1.88) 5.99 (2.01) 5.58 (1.98)
MedDiet confinement levels a b
Low 13,673 (37.8%) 309 (20.8%) 301 (21.3%) 207 (15.8%) 1320 (17.6%) 1286 (47.1%) 787 (52.2%) 1892 (44.2%) 468 (44.3%) 971 (36.7%) 844 (51.0%) 1250 (50.8%) 347 (42.0%) 327 (45.8%) 1466 (59.9%) 789 (40.9%) 1109 (50.3%)
Medium 17,914 (49.5%) 935 (62.8%) 926 (65.6%) 743 (56.8%) 4410 (58.7%) 1258 (46.0%) 606 (40.2%) 1956 (45.7%) 475 (44.9%) 1459 (55.1%) 659 (39.8%) 1043 (42.4%) 412 (49.8%) 304 (42.6%) 869 (35.5%) 929 (48.2%) 930 (42.2%)
High 4598 (12.7%) 244 (16.4%) 184 (13.0%) 358 (27.4%) 1784 (23.7%) 189 (6.92%) 114 (7.56%) 433 (10.1%) 114 (10.8%) 218 (8.23%) 152 (9.18%) 169 (6.86%) 68 (8.22%) 83 (11.6%) 112 (4.58%) 209 (10.8%) 167 (7.57%)
MedDiet before, mean (SD) a b 5.23 (2.06) 5.58 (1.75) 5.81 (1.65) 6.37 (2.00) 6.37 (1.94) 4.52 (1.83) 4.45 (1.97) 5.02 (1.97) 4.46 (1.99) 5.23 (1.84) 4.47 (2.00) 4.92 (2.05) 4.96 (1.78) 4.88 (2.01) 4.41 (1.86) 5.11 (2.05) 4.49 (1.94)
MedDiet before levels a b
Low 20,546 (56.8%) 741 (49.8%) 643 (45.6%) 435 (33.3%) 2588 (34.4%) 1950 (71.4%) 1074 (71.3%) 2657 (62.1%) 760 (71.9%) 1507 (56.9%) 1179 (71.2%) 1508 (61.3%) 509 (61.5%) 465 (65.1%) 1816 (74.2%) 1123 (58.3%) 1591 (72.1%)
Medium 13,381 (37.0%) 678 (45.6%) 689 (48.8%) 687 (52.5%) 3875 (51.6%) 728 (26.6%) 388 (25.7%) 1418 (33.1%) 263 (24.9%) 1036 (39.1%) 426 (25.7%) 851 (34.6%) 300 (36.3%) 211 (29.6%) 583 (23.8%) 692 (35.9%) 556 (25.2%)
High 2258 (6.24%) 69 (4.64%) 79 (5.60%) 186 (14.2%) 1051 (14.0%) 55 (2.01%) 45 (2.99%) 206 (4.81%) 34 (3.22%) 105 (3.97%) 50 (3.02%) 103 (4.18%) 18 (2.18%) 38 (5.32%) 48 (1.96%) 112 (5.81%) 59 (2.67%)
Change in MedDiet a b
Yes 18,468 (51.0%) 971 (65.3%) 754 (53.4%) 682 (52.1%) 3392 (45.1%) 1795 (65.7%) 796 (52.8%) 2024 (47.3%) 702 (66.4%) 1296 (48.9%) 948 (57.3%) 868 (35.3%) 544 (65.8%) 375 (52.5%) 1061 (43.4%) 961 (49.9%) 1300 (58.9%)
No 17,715 (49.0%) 517 (34.7%) 657 (46.6%) 626 (47.9%) 4122 (54.9%) 938 (34.3%) 711 (47.2%) 2257 (52.7%) 355 (33.6%) 1352 (51.1%) 707 (42.7%) 1594 (64.7%) 283 (34.2%) 339 (47.5%) 1386 (56.6%) 966 (50.1%) 906 (41.1%)
Difference in MedDiet, mean (SD) a b 0.91 (1.15) 1.29 (1.29) 0.90 (1.08) 0.97 (1.23) 0.81 (1.12) 1.18 (1.13) 1.00 (1.24) 0.84 (1.12) 1.45 (1.42) 0.86 (1.02) 1.12 (1.28) 0.53 (0.86) 0.95 (0.93) 0.95 (1.15) 0.71 (1.01) 0.88 (1.12) 1.10 (1.20)

Data are n (%) unless otherwise indicated; SD in the case of MedDiet scale or difference.

The adherence to the MedDiet/MEDAS before confinement was estimated using the data on the changes in dietary intake during the confinement compared to the participants’ usual intake.

a significance across countries within the specified region (p-value: <0.001).

b significance across all countries (p-value: <0.001).