Table 3.
Dietary intake of MEDAS defined items during COVID-19 confinement by categories of adherence to MedDiet, before and during confinement.
| MedDiet before COVID-19 confinement | MedDiet during COVID-19 confinement | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low n = 20546 |
Medium n = 13381 |
High n = 2258 |
Low n = 13673 |
Medium n = 17914 |
High n = 4598 |
|
| Olive oil main sourcea | ||||||
| No | 10,869 (52.9%) | 2352 (17.6%) | 115 (5.09%) | 8852 (64.7%) | 4165 (23.2%) | 319 (6.94%) |
| Yes | 9677 (47.1%) | 11,029 (82.4%) | 2143 (94.9%) | 4821 (35.3%) | 13,749 (76.8%) | 4279 (93.1%) |
| Olive oil (tablespoons/d)a | ||||||
| >4 | 2213 (10.8%) | 3379 (25.3%) | 1089 (48.2%) | 825 (6.03%) | 3792 (21.2%) | 2064 (44.9%) |
| 2.0–3.9 | 6917 (33.7%) | 5736 (42.9%) | 755 (33.4%) | 4062 (29.7%) | 7695 (43.0%) | 1651 (35.9%) |
| 0 – 1.9 | 11,416 (55.6%) | 4266 (31.9%) | 414 (18.3%) | 8786 (64.3%) | 6427 (35.9%) | 883 (19.2%) |
| Vegetables (servings/d)a | ||||||
| >2 | 4380 (21.3%) | 5709 (42.7%) | 1699 (75.2%) | 1895 (13.9%) | 6484 (36.2%) | 3409 (74.1%) |
| 1.0–1.9 | 11,684 (56.9%) | 6202 (46.3%) | 499 (22.1%) | 8184 (59.9%) | 9135 (51.0%) | 1066 (23.2%) |
| 0 – 0.9 | 4482 (21.8%) | 1470 (11.0%) | 60 (2.66%) | 3594 (26.3%) | 2295 (12.8%) | 123 (2.68%) |
| Fruits (servings/d)a | ||||||
| >3 | 2984 (14.5%) | 3250 (24.3%) | 1253 (55.5%) | 1125 (8.23%) | 3877 (21.6%) | 2485 (54.0%) |
| 1.0–2.9 | 11,631 (56.6%) | 7556 (56.5%) | 849 (37.6%) | 7972 (58.3%) | 10,293 (57.5%) | 1771 (38.5%) |
| 0 – 0.9 | 5931 (28.9%) | 2575 (19.2%) | 156 (6.91%) | 4576 (33.5%) | 3744 (20.9%) | 342 (7.44%) |
| Red meat (servings/d)a | ||||||
| >1.0 | 7780 (37.9%) | 1814 (13.6%) | 104 (4.61%) | 6639 (48.6%) | 2797 (15.6%) | 262 (5.70%) |
| 0 – 0.9 | 12,766 (62.1%) | 11,567 (86.4%) | 2154 (95.4%) | 7034 (51.4%) | 15,117 (84.4%) | 4336 (94.3%) |
| Fats (servings/d)a | ||||||
| >1 | 6102 (29.7%) | 1337 (9.99%) | 71 (3.14%) | 4953 (36.2%) | 2354 (13.1%) | 203 (4.41%) |
| 0–0.9 | 14,444 (70.3%) | 12,044 (90.0%) | 2187 (96.9%) | 8720 (63.8%) | 15,560 (86.9%) | 4395 (95.6%) |
| Soft beverages (servings/d)a | ||||||
| >1.0 | 3265 (15.9%) | 577 (4.31%) | 32 (1.42%) | 2835 (20.7%) | 953 (5.32%) | 86 (1.87%) |
| 0 – 0.9 | 17,281 (84.1%) | 12,804 (95.7%) | 2226 (98.6%) | 10,838 (79.3%) | 16,961 (94.7%) | 4512 (98.1%) |
| Wine (cups/wk)a | ||||||
| >7 | 425 (2.07%) | 662 (4.95%) | 228 (10.1%) | 258 (1.89%) | 673 (3.76%) | 384 (8.35%) |
| 3–6.9 | 1773 (8.63%) | 1387 (10.4%) | 244 (10.8%) | 1164 (8.51%) | 1778 (9.93%) | 462 (10.0%) |
| 0–2.9 | 8073 (39.3%) | 5483 (41.0%) | 844 (37.4%) | 5306 (38.8%) | 7335 (40.9%) | 1759 (38.3%) |
| Never | 10,275 (50.0%) | 5849 (43.7%) | 942 (41.7%) | 6945 (50.8%) | 8128 (45.4%) | 1993 (43.3%) |
| Legumes (servings/wk)a | ||||||
| >3 | 1717 (8.36%) | 2649 (19.8%) | 1090 (48.3%) | 586 (4.29%) | 2735 (15.3%) | 2135 (46.4%) |
| 1.0–2.9 | 10,496 (51.1%) | 7317 (54.7%) | 927 (41.1%) | 6757 (49.4%) | 10,052 (56.1%) | 1931 (42.0%) |
| 0 – 0.9 | 8333 (40.6%) | 3415 (25.5%) | 241 (10.7%) | 6330 (46.3%) | 5127 (28.6%) | 532 (11.6%) |
| Fish (servings/wk)a | ||||||
| >3 | 821 (4.00%) | 1600 (12.0%) | 803 (35.6%) | 232 (1.70%) | 1518 (8.47%) | 1474 (32.1%) |
| 1.0–2.9 | 8165 (39.7%) | 6490 (48.5%) | 911 (40.3%) | 5113 (37.4%) | 8474 (47.3%) | 1979 (43.0%) |
| 0 – 0.9 | 11,560 (56.3%) | 5291 (39.5%) | 544 (24.1%) | 8328 (60.9%) | 7922 (44.2%) | 1145 (24.9%) |
| Preference for white meata | ||||||
| No | 8233 (40.1%) | 2586 (19.3%) | 241 (10.7%) | 6559 (48.0%) | 3980 (22.2%) | 521 (11.3%) |
| Yes | 12,313 (59.9%) | 10,795 (80.7%) | 2017 (89.3%) | 7114 (52.0%) | 13,934 (77.8%) | 4077 (88.7%) |
| Pastry (servings/wk)a | ||||||
| >2.0 | 8100 (39.4%) | 2828 (21.1%) | 185 (8.19%) | 6614 (48.4%) | 4074 (22.7%) | 425 (9.24%) |
| 0 – 1.9 | 12,446 (60.6%) | 10,553 (78.9%) | 2073 (91.8%) | 7059 (51.6%) | 13,840 (77.3%) | 4173 (90.8%) |
| Nuts (servings/wk)a | ||||||
| >3 | 2748 (13.4%) | 4784 (35.8%) | 1578 (69.9%) | 1195 (8.74%) | 4923 (27.5%) | 2992 (65.1%) |
| 1.0–2.9 | 7413 (36.1%) | 4061 (30.3%) | 389 (17.2%) | 4897 (35.8%) | 6065 (33.9%) | 901 (19.6%) |
| 0 – 0.9 | 10,385 (50.5%) | 4536 (33.9%) | 291 (12.9%) | 7581 (55.4%) | 6926 (38.7%) | 705 (15.3%) |
| Sofrito1(servings/wk)a | ||||||
| >2 | 7298 (35.5%) | 7920 (59.2%) | 1718 (76.1%) | 3773 (27.6%) | 9655 (53.9%) | 3508 (76.3%) |
| 1.0–1.9 | 8083 (39.3%) | 3598 (26.9%) | 350 (15.5%) | 5835 (42.7%) | 5457 (30.5%) | 739 (16.1%) |
| 0 – 0.9 | 5165 (25.1%) | 1863 (13.9%) | 190 (8.41%) | 4065 (29.7%) | 2802 (15.6%) | 351 (7.63%) |
The adherence to the MedDiet/MEDAS before confinement was estimated using the data on the changes in dietary intake during the confinement compared to the participants’ usual intake.
1
Defined as cooked vegetable, pasta, rice or other dishes seasoned with tomato, garlic, onion or leak sauce made over low heat with olive oil
a
Significant difference across categories (p-value: <0.001).