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. 2021 Jan 18;70:104393. doi: 10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104393

Table 2.

Indicators for a “resilience” assessment in the framework of the inspections at Seveso Sites. The 25 indicators are reported according to the SMS-MAH scheme, with the link to the four corners.

SMS POINT Health Emergency Resilience Indicators Four Corners
1. Policy
  • 1.

    Higher level strategies, including health plan

  • 2.

    Business continuity plan (activities essential for safety, recovery times, etc.) in the event of emergencies outside the plant

  • 3.

    Financial studies on organisational impacts of health emergency

 ANTICPATE
REACT
ANTICIPATE
2. Resources & Leadership
  • 4.

    Identification of the resources necessary to support critical activities (people, processes, equipment)

  • 5.

    Define face-to-face and remote meetings

  • 6.

    Policies for employees infected or suspected of being infected

  • 7.

    Agile/flexible work policies and flexibility of working time, including permits, temporary leaves and travel restrictions

 MONITOR
REACT
REACT
REACT
3. Risk Assessment
  • 8.

    Identification of key sources of information on the epidemic, including trade associations, research institutes, experts

  • 9.

    Identification of critical activities that cannot be suspended

  • 10.

    Identification of circumstances in which it may be necessary to suspend operations

  • 11.

    Possibility of remote process control (e.g. SCADA)

 ANTICIPATE
MONITOR
MONITOR
MONITOR
4. Operating Control, (including maintenance)
  • 12.

    Timely documentation of the activities carried out for health emergencies

  • 13.

    Specific attention to work permits, with extension of measures also to third parties

  • 14.

    Specific measures for a safe shutdown for a longer or indeterminate period of time, taking into account the degradation of hazardous materials

  • 15.

    Measures for a safe restart after prolonged shutdown, including warehouses

 LEARN
MONITOR
LEARN
LEARN
5. Management of Changes
  • 16.

    Assessment of the effects on safety of the procedural changes introduced to meet the needs of the health plan

  • 17.

    Assessment of the safety impact of organisational changes, including selected staff and supply outage

  • 18.

    Assessment of collective and personal protective equipment (C/PPE)

 MONITOR
MONITOR
MONITOR
6. Emergency Management
  • 19.

    Assigning responsibility for planning in the event of an epidemic

  • 20.

    Communications to personnel and other interested parties on the progress of the emergency and the repercussions on the management system

  • 21.

    Availability of individual and collective protection equipment

  • 22.

    Sanitation of work environments

 ANTICIPATE
REACT
REACT
REACT
7. Performance Evaluation
  • 23.

    Analysis of the system's reactions to the pressures of the external context (evaluation of strengths and weaknesses) and sharing with all staff

  • 24.

    Staff behaviour observation system

 LEARN
LEARN
8. Review & Improvement
  • 25.

    The review takes into account in particular the response of the safety management system to the health emergency

 REACT