Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Dec 17;12:21833. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26020-5

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Motility patterns of morphologically normal spermatozoa originating from extended semen samples with either enhanced (≥ 15% = high MAS; n = 10 boars) or low (< 5% = low MAS; n = 9 boars) prevalence of sperm with cytoplasmic droplets and/or bent tails in the absence or presence of procaine. Extended semen samples were centrifuged, and pelleted sperm incubated in non-capacitating Tyrode’s medium without (control) or with 7.3 mM procaine for 10 min at 38 °C. (a) Motility characteristics of sperm from the different clusters. Only clusters containing at least 5% of sperm in any of the sperm subsets from this experiment were considered for evaluation. (b) Effect of procaine on motility patterns of sperm with normal morphology from samples with low MAS (upper pie charts) or high MAS (lower pie charts). Cramer’s V (range from 0 to 1) indicates the effect size of sample origin or procaine treatment on sperm distribution to the different cluster (movement patterns). V < 0.1 = no effect; 0.1 ≤ V < 0.3 small effect; 0.3 ≤ V < 0.5 moderate effect; V ≥ 0.5 = large effect.