Table 2.

Characteristics of the four classes from Reinert's classification, according to the associated categories identified from the factor correspondence analysis on the basis of 29 categorical variables (cf. Fig. 2).

Class	Initiative	Beneficiaries	Stakeholders	Countries associated
Class 1	Functioning before lockdown and would like to continue. Combining relational and organizational capacities. Focused on short-chain, direct markets and food assistance.	Several types of populations, in rural contexts, different age groups	Represented by consumers, cooperatives and NGO, mostly of the adult and young age group	Puerto Rico, Chile
Class 2	Functioning before lockdown, but adapted to the new situation, uncertain continuity after the pandemic. Urban and rural contexts. Combining organizational, relational, technological and economic capacities. Focused on short-chain markets and safety protocols for commercialization	Consumer groups or consumers and producers. Mostly adults. Urban and rural contexts. Size of beneficiary populations between 50 and 500 individuals.	Represented by producers and consumers, with participation of national and local governments. Women and men in equal proportions, all ages involved.	Brazil
Class 3	New initiatives, starting between second and four weeks of lockdown. Urban or rural/peri-urban contexts. Combining organizational, relational and technological capacities. Focused on sustainable food production for self-consumption. Mostly at local scale.	Smallholder rural populations, mostly focused on adult and young individuals.	Represented by government institutions and associations	Argentina
Class 4	New initiatives, starting after four weeks of lockdown, uncertain continuity. Rural, peri-urban contexts, or other combinations. Combining organizational, relational and economic capacities. Focused on food assistance. The initiatives use agroecology to some extent, and operate at different scales.	African-American, native, migrants and vulnerable populations. Peri-urban and rural contexts, involving associations or organized groups, large beneficiary populations (> 500 individuals), mostly men, but including other genders.	Represented by governments (different levels), institutions and research centres. Producers and other stakeholders involved. Mostly adults and seniors.	Peru, Colombia, Ecuador