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. 2021 Apr 20;93:103237. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103237

Table 2.

Current substance use among study participants.

Substances Used* Participants N (%)
Polysubstance 147 (75%)
Stimulants 145 (74%)
Opioids 117 (60%)
Cannabis 82 (42%)
Alcohol 38 (19%)
Benzodiazepines 31 (16%)
Hallucinogens 9 (5%)

Substances used were not mutually exclusive and percentages for each substance category were calculated out of the total who specified which substances they were currently using (N = 196). ‘Stimulants’ primarily included uppers such as cocaine, crack-cocaine and amphetamines including methamphetamine/crystal meth; ‘Opioids’ primarily included downers including both illicit and pharmaceutical opioids such as hydromorphone, heroin and fentanyl, but excluded references to OAT such as Suboxone or methadone; ‘Benzodiazepines’ primarily included Xanax and Valium, as well as other anti-anxiety and anti-depressants; ‘Hallucinogens’ primarily included party drugs such as MDMA, LSD, Ecstasy, mushrooms and GHB. ‘Polysubstance’ use included reference to using two or more categories of substances, as well as using speedballs (a combination of stimulants and opioids).