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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2022 Jun 6;27(4):317–321. doi: 10.1080/13625187.2022.2074392

Table 2 –

Contraception Use by History of Diabetes During Pregnancy

Variable History of DM During Pregnancy (N=1,344) No History of DM During Pregnancy (N=27,110) p-value

Contraception Type <0.001***
Permanent 58.0% 38.7%
LARC 3.4% 11.7%
Other hormonal 4.1% 8.9%
Other non-hormonal 7.2% 16.4%
None 27.2% 24.5%

Abbreviations: LARC = long-acting reversible contraception

Other hormonal contraceptive was defined as use of any shots, pills, patch, and/or vaginal ring. Other non-hormonal contraceptives was defined as use of any female or male condoms, vaginal pouch, diaphragm, withdrawal, natural family planning including calendar rhythm method, and/or spermicide in the month before the interview.