Table 1.
Characteristics for people with dementia and COVID-19 receiving antipsychotics compared to historical controls in 2019 receiving antipsychotics, before and after propensity score matching.
| Initial populations |
Propensity score matched populations |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | COVID-19 cohort (n = 8414) | 2019 cohort (n = 31,963) | P-value | COVID-19 cohort (n = 8396) | 2019 cohort (n = 8396) | P-value |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 80.7 (7.3) | 80.0 (7.5) | < 0.0001 | 80.7 (7.3) | 80.8 (7.3) | 0.14 |
| Female | 55.5 (4667) | 57.8 (18,462) | 0.0002 | 55.6 (4667) | 55.6 (4665) | 0.98 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 74.3 (6247) | 76.4 (24,421) | < 0.0001 | 74.4 (6247) | 74.9 (6286) | 0.49 |
| Black or African American | 15.1 (1266) | 12.1 (3854) | < 0.0001 | 15.1 (1266) | 16.0 (1343) | 0.56 |
| Asian | 1.1 (95) | 1.3 (408) | 0.28 | 1.1 (95) | 1.1 (95) | 0.10 |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 0.1 (10) | 0.1 (26) | 0.31 | 0.1 (10) | 0.1 (10) | 1.00 |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 0.2 (16) | 0.2 (56) | 0.77 | 0.1 (10) | 0.1 (10) | 0.68 |
| Unknown | 9.4 (787) | 10.0 (3198) | 0.07 | 9.2 (769) | 7.9 (664) | 0.003 |
| Hypertensive Diseases | 59.5 (5002) | 52.9 (16,895) | < 0.0001 | 59.4 (4996) | 59.1 (4961) | 0.58 |
| Diseases of the genitourinary system | 53.8 (4528) | 40.1 (12,812) | < 0.0001 | 53.9 (4523) | 54.0 (4532) | 0.89 |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 18.5 (1555) | 13.5 (4306) | < 0.0001 | 18.5 (1552) | 17.4 (1458) | 0.06 |
| Ischaemic Heart Disease | 27.8 (2336) | 21.1 (6730) | < 0.0001 | 27.8 (2332) | 26.1 (2193) | 0.02 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 12.0 (1008) | 10.7 (3427) | 0.001 | 12.0 (1008) | 11.2 (938) | 0.09 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 25.6 (2152) | 21.7 (6929) | < 0.0001 | 25.6 (2151) | 24.6 (2066) | 0.13 |
| Neoplasms | 12.8 (1076) | 11.2 (3587) | < 0.0001 | 12.8 (1076) | 12.2 (1025) | 0.23 |
| Mood [affective] disorders | 21.7 (1825) | 21.5 (6869) | 0.69 | 21.7 (1823) | 21.2 (1780) | 0.42 |
| Anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, somatoform and other nonpsychotic mental disorders | 18.5 (1555) | 17.9 (5733) | 0.25 | 18.5 (1554) | 18.1 (1519) | 0.48 |
| Antidepressant use | 46.6 (3921) | 40.7 (13,004) | < 0.0001 | 46.6 (3909) | 46.4 (3898) | 0.92 |
| Anticonvulsant use | 25.5 (2143) | 20.4 (6524) | < 0.0001 | 25.5 (2139) | 24.6 (2069) | 0.21 |
Baseline characteristics were compared using a chi-squared test for categorical variables and an independent-sample t-test for continuous variables. Data are % (n), unless otherwise stated. Presence of a condition or use of medication is based on recording with electronic medical records 30-days up to COVID-19 recording or healthcare organisation visit. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019, SD: standard deviation.