Table 2.
Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for hypertension based on dietary indices
| Dietary indices | Continuous | P-value | Quartile of dietary scores | P-trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q 1 | Q 2 | Q 3 | Q 4 | ||||
| MED | |||||||
|
Mean score (minimum, maximum ) |
4.4 (0, 8) |
2.5 (0, 3) |
4 (4) |
5.4 (5,6) |
7.1 (7, 8) |
- | |
| Number of HTN events | 599 | 167 | 155 | 235 | 42 | ||
| Person-years | 18262 | 5034 | 4537 | 7200 | 1491 | ||
| Incidence (per 1000 person years) | 32.8 | 33.2 | 34.2 | 32.6 | 28.2 | ||
| Age- and sex-adjusted | 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) | 0.904 | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.84, 1.30) | 1.06 (0.87, 1.29) | 0.83 (0.59, 1.16) | 0.739 |
| Multivariable-adjusted | 0.98 (0.93, 1.04) | 0.577 | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.77, 1.20) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.23) | 0.76 (0.53, 1.09) | 0.388 |
| DASH | |||||||
|
Mean score (minimum, maximum ) |
4.8 (1–9) |
3.5 (1–4) |
4.7 (4.5-5) |
5.5 (5.5 ) |
6.5 (6–9) |
||
| Number of HTN events | 599 | 182 | 177 | 80 | 160 | ||
| Person-years | 18262 | 6582 | 5440 | 2163 | 4077 | ||
| Incidence (per 1000 person years ) | 32.8 | 27.7 | 32.5 | 37.0 | 39.0 | ||
| Age- and sex-adjusted | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) | 0.386 | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.84, 1.28) | 1.19 (0.91, 1.54) | 1.14 (0.92, 1.41) | 0.168 |
| Multivariable-adjusted | 0.99 (0.92, 1.05) | 0.661 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.76, 1.17) | 1.15 (0.87, 1.50) | 0.99 (0.79, 1.25) | 0.771 |
| MIND | |||||||
|
Mean score (minimum, maximum ) |
6.8 (2.5–11.5) |
5.4 (2.5-6) |
6.8 (6.5-7) |
7.5 (7.5) |
8.6 (8-11.5) |
||
| Number of HTN events | 599 | 134 | 161 | 184 | 120 | ||
| Person-years | 18262 | 6348 | 4078 | 5005 | 2830 | ||
| Incidence (per 1000 person years) | 32.8 | 21.1 | 39.5 | 36.8 | 42.4 | ||
| Age- and sex-adjusted | 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) | 0.445 | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.92, 1.39) | 1.38 (1.06, 1.79) | 1.09 (0.87, 1.35) | 0.238 |
| Multivariable-adjusted | 1.01 (0.95, 1.08) | 0.662 | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.93, 1.41) | 1.27 (0.97, 1.65) | 1.08 (0.86, 1.36) | 0.335 |
Multivariable models adjusted for age (continuous), sex, physical activity (continuous), academic education (yes/no), premature family history of CVD (yes/no), smoking (smoker/non-smoker/ex-smoker), baseline BMI (continuous), baseline prevalent of diseases including chronic kidney disease (yes/no), diabetes mellitus (yes/no), pre-hypertension (yes/no) and dyslipidemia (yes/no), aspirin intake (yes/no) and dietary total energy (continuous), caffeine (continuous), and olive intake (continuous)
HTN Hypertension, DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, MED Mediterranean diet, MIND Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay