Table A3.
Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population | −0.372 | 0.232 | −0.421 | 0.080 |
(0.555) | (0.704) | (0.492) | (0.894) | |
Urbanization | 0.090 | 0.126 | 0.034 | 0.061 |
(0.695) | (0.609) | (0.893) | (0.814) | |
Population density | 0.166 | −0.013 | 0.363 | 0.168 |
(0.618) | (0.967) | (0.319) | (0.630) | |
Airport activity | 0.226 | 0.088 | 0.251 | 0.169 |
(0.654) | (0.863) | (0.644) | (0.753) | |
GSP | −0.463 | −0.587 | −0.635 | −0.728 |
(0.181) | (0.124) | (0.084) | (0.080) | |
Income inequality | 0.308 | 0.429 | 0.386 | 0.503 |
(0.347) | (0.142) | (0.222) | (0.105) | |
No. of physicians | 0.514 | 0.199 | 0.438 | 0.193 |
(0.344) | (0.709) | (0.452) | (0.737) | |
Hospital bed utilization | 0.756 | 0.638 | 0.473 | 0.412 |
(0.264) | (0.334) | (0.495) | (0.537) | |
Presidential swing state | −1.301 | −1.397 | −1.603 | −1.663 |
(0.005) | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.002) | |
Facing reelection | 0.074 | −0.400 | −0.778 | −1.047 |
(0.939) | (0.703) | (0.528) | (0.396) | |
Term limits | 0.953 | 1.494 | 1.246 | 1.623 |
(0.068) | (0.035) | (0.049) | (0.033) | |
Went Republican | −1.268 | −0.322 | −1.069 | −0.246 |
(0.009) | (0.475) | (0.058) | (0.624) | |
Female | −0.291 | −0.311 | −0.353 | −0.337 |
(0.623) | (0.547) | (0.562) | (0.534) | |
Governor age | −0.268 | −0.414 | −0.517 | −0.604 |
(0.259) | (0.101) | (0.070) | (0.039) | |
Governing discretion | −1.447 | −3.792 | −1.610 | −3.647 |
(0.008) | (0.004) | (0.008) | (0.007) | |
Governing demands | −0.250 | −0.222 | −0.924 | −0.809 |
(0.793) | (0.807) | (0.445) | (0.485) | |
Democratic governor | 1.895 | 0.530 | 3.176 | 1.727 |
(0.001) | (0.317) | (0.000) | (0.034) | |
Democratic governor × | 3.530 | 3.121 | ||
Governing discretion | (0.008) | (0.019) | ||
Democratic governor × | 2.680 | 2.230 | ||
Governing demands | (0.027) | (0.055) | ||
Constant | −15.727 | −17.197 | −17.273 | −18.342 |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
Observations | 993 | 993 | 993 | 993 |
Note: The models provide weighted estimates using inverse-probability weights. The models are specified with robust standard errors clustered by state. Exact p-values in parentheses.