Table 3.
Parameter estimates for the multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models exploring the relationship between the subjective well-being (SWB) of survey respondents and urban green spaces (UGS) use for the pre-and COVID periods, online survey applied to adults living in Mexico City (n = 1954)from May 26 to June 15, 2020.
| Subjective well-being (SWB) pre-COVID (1,954) |
Subjective well-being (SWB) COVID (1,954) |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
| Frequency of use | ||||||||||||
| no use (ref) | ||||||||||||
| Sometimes | 0.870 | 1.087 | * | 0.706 | 0.541 | 1.094 | 1.441 | |||||
| Often | 1.698 | *** | 1.436 | *** | 0.868 | *** | 1.744 | *** | 1.841 | *** | 1.648 | *** |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male (ref) | ||||||||||||
| Female | −0.169 | −0.114 | −0.904 | ** | −0.805 | ** | ||||||
| Age group | ||||||||||||
| 18–34 (ref) | ||||||||||||
| 35–44 | 1.429 | *** | 1.397 | *** | 1.473 | *** | 1.436 | *** | ||||
| 45–54 | 1.630 | *** | 1.657 | *** | 2.201 | *** | 2.283 | *** | ||||
| 55–64 | 2.577 | *** | 2.656 | *** | 3.050 | *** | 3.225 | *** | ||||
| 65+ | 3.760 | *** | 3.697 | *** | 4.974 | *** | 4.977 | *** | ||||
| Employment status | ||||||||||||
| employed (ref) | ||||||||||||
| unemployed (not looking) | −0.468 | −0.527 | −1.308 | *** | −1.326 | *** | ||||||
| unemployed (looking) | −1.759 | *** | −1.705 | *** | −2.484 | *** | −2.389 | *** | ||||
| Income | ||||||||||||
| Low-income (ref) | ||||||||||||
| Middle-income | 1.416 | *** | 1.222 | *** | 0.692 | 0.477 | ||||||
| High-income | 2.136 | *** | 1.746 | *** | 1.990 | *** | 1.529 | *** | ||||
| Municipal level factors | ||||||||||||
| UGS quality | ||||||||||||
| Very poor quality (ref) | ||||||||||||
| Poor quality | 2.224 | *** | 2.097 | *** | ||||||||
| Fair quality | 2.458 | *** | 3.089 | *** | ||||||||
| Good quality | 3.925 | *** | 4.627 | *** | ||||||||
| Excellent quality | 5.636 | *** | 5.807 | *** | ||||||||
| Time to closest UGS (min) | ||||||||||||
| 0 to 10 (ref) | ||||||||||||
| 11 to 20 | −0.108 | −0.047 | ||||||||||
| 21 + | −1.324 | *** | −0.331 | |||||||||
| Constant | 22.072 | 19.960 | 18.103 | 20.084 | 18.415 | 13.732 | ||||||
Notes: Significance levels ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.
Model 1: Unadjusted.
Model 2: Model 1 adjusted for respondents' gender, age group, and employment status.
Model 3: Model 2 adjusted for municipal characteristics.
Snijders/Bosker R-squared Level 1 (individual) Pre-COVID: 0.1184.
Snijders/Bosker R-squared Level 2 (municipal) Pre-COVID: 0.2961.
Snijders/Bosker R-squared Level 1 (individual) COVID: 0.1498.
Snijders/Bosker R-squared Level 2 (municipal) COVID: 0.2963.