Table 3.
Direct effects of density, socioeconomic, and activity characteristics on COVID-19 morbidity rate in 4 April and 27 June.
| Estimate | S.E. | C.R. | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Road density | → | COV4April | .719 | .031 | 23.274 | .000 |
| Road density | → | COV27June | .186 | .167 | 1.114 | .265 |
| Road density | → | Mortality rate | .151 | .011 | 13.922 | .000 |
| Built-up density | → | COV4April | −.007 | .002 | −2.678 | .007 |
| Built-up density | → | COV27June | −.007 | .003 | −2.207 | .027 |
| Built-up density | → | Mortality rate | .002 | .001 | 2.752 | .006 |
| Population Density | → | COV4April | −.003 | .001 | −2.951 | .003 |
| Population Density | → | COV27June | −.004 | .001 | −3.703 | .000 |
| Population Density | → | Mortality rate | .00 | .000 | 1.321 | .186 |
| Aged people density | → | COV4April | 45.707 | 11.202 | 4.080 | .000 |
| Aged people density | → | COV27June | 115.669 | 15.644 | 7.394 | .000 |
| Aged people density | → | Mortality rate | 29.531 | 7.444 | 3.967 | .000 |
| Sex ratio | → | COV4April | .156 | .026 | 5.885 | .000 |
| Sex ratio | → | COV27June | −.094 | .050 | −1.877 | .061 |
| Sex ratio | → | Mortality rate | .043 | .009 | 4.626 | .000 |
| Car ownership rate | → | COV4April | −.020 | .003 | −7.710 | .000 |
| Car ownership rate | → | COV27June | −.016 | .005 | −3.148 | .002 |
| Car ownership rate | → | Mortality rate | −.002 | .001 | −1.481 | .139 |
| Distance to metro station | → | COV4April | /000 | /000 | 1/937 | /053 |
| Distance to metro station | → | COV27June | /000 | /000 | −/681 | /496 |
| Distance to metro station | → | Mortality rate | /000 | /000 | −1/059 | /290 |
| Distance to bus station | → | COV4April | −/001 | /000 | −5/431 | .000 |
| Distance to bus station | → | COV27June | /000 | /000 | −6/715 | .000 |
| Distance to bus station | → | Mortality rate | /000 | /000 | /238 | /812 |
| Trip generation rate | → | COV4April | .001 | .001 | 1.366 | .172 |
| Trip generation rate | → | COV27June | .003 | .001 | 3.078 | .002 |
| Trip generation rate | → | Mortality rate | −.001 | .000 | −3.256 | .001 |
| % of college educated | → | COV4April | .001 | .001 | 1.013 | .311 |
| % of college educated | → | COV27June | .002 | .001 | 1.610 | .107 |
| % of college educated | → | Mortality rate | −.001 | .000 | −3.209 | .001 |
| Literacy rate | → | COV4April | .079 | .017 | 4.544 | .000 |
| Literacy rate | → | COV27June | −.011 | .026 | −.438 | .661 |
| Literacy rate | → | Mortality rate | .012 | .005 | 2.310 | .021 |
| Employment rate | → | COV4April | .018 | .031 | .602 | .547 |
| Employment rate | → | COV27June | −.087 | .032 | −2.697 | .007 |
| Employment rate | → | Mortality rate | .011 | .010 | 1.033 | .301 |
| Average income | → | COV4April | −/014 | /038 | -/376 | /707 |
| Average income | → | COV27June | /076 | /057 | 1/324 | /186 |
| Average income | → | Mortality rate | /101 | /026 | 3/862 | .130 |
Note: Chi-square 236; p value 0.0; comparative fit index: 0.96; normed fit index: 0.96; nonnormed fit index: 0.94; root mean square error of approximation: 0.10.