Table 8.
Tests | Models | χ2 | df | χ2/df | IFI | CFI | Nested models | Δχ2 | Δdf | χ2 test | Low SEV | High SEV | Test results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Configural invariance | M1: Baseline | 175.90 | 76 | 2.31 | 0.97 | 0.97 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Measurement invariance | M2: Equal loadings | 186.49 | 83 | 2.25 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 2–1 | 10.59 | 7 | p > 0.05 | |||
Structural invariance | M3: Equal structural estimate | 220.24 | 89 | 2.48 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 3–2 | 33.75 | 6 | P < 0.05 | |||
H7a | M3a: SUS to COM constrained | 197.75 | 84 | 2.35 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 3a–2 | 11.26 | 1 | P < 0.05 | 0.01 ns | 0.30*** | Accepted |
H7b | M3b: SUS to RLT-VAL constrained | 193.55 | 84 | 2.30 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 3b–2 | 7.06 | 1 | P < 0.05 | 0.08 ns | 0.29*** | Accepted |
H7c | M3c: SUS to TRU constrained | 186.96 | 84 | 2.23 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 3c–2 | 0.47 | 1 | P > 0.05 | −0.15* | −0.06 ns | Not accepted |
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant.