Table 1.
The division of housework and childcare during the lockdown.
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mothers’ share of housework | Mothers’ share of childcare | Father main caregiver | |
| Unconditional variation statistics | |||
| Baseline values of the dependent variables before the lockdown (s.d. in parenthesis) | 0.7534 | 0.6889 | 0.2819 |
| (0.1875) | (0.1828) | (0.4500) | |
| Variation of the dependent variables during the lockdown | −0.0433*** | −0.0212*** | 0.0660*** |
| (0.0033) | (0.0061) | (0.0131) | |
| Coefficients of interest (FE regressions) | |||
| Lockdown | 0.230 | −0.0888 | 0.725 |
| (0.270) | (0.440) | (1.093) | |
| Father stopped working | −0.0523*** | −0.0408*** | 0.169*** |
| (0.0125) | (0.0142) | (0.0369) | |
| Mother stopped working | 0.0237** | 0.0312** | −0.108*** |
| (0.0103) | (0.0120) | (0.0355) | |
| Both parents stopped working | −0.0207 | −0.0597** | 0.0228 |
| (0.0170) | (0.0228) | (0.0580) | |
| Mother switched to smartworking | 0.00782 | 0.0179* | −0.0566* |
| (0.00981) | (0.0106) | (0.0324) | |
| Mother's hours of work (inc. Smartworking) | −0.00328 | −0.00937*** | 0.00745 |
| (0.00198) | (0.00275) | (0.00597) | |
| Father's hours of work (inc. Smartworking) | 0.00403*** | 0.00737*** | −0.0112** |
| (0.00141) | (0.00194) | (0.00555) | |
| Observations | 1930 | 1910 | 1910 |
| R-squared | 0.139 | 0.155 | 0.111 |
All regressions include province and day of the week fixed effects. Full estimation results, including coefficients for all control variables, are presented in Table A4. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1; Clustered standard errors in parentheses (province level), unless otherwise specified.