Table A9.
Full regression estimates for children's educational progress.
| Educational progress | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OLS | OLS | Female resp. | Weight | Cont. Var. | Ologit1 | |
| Constant | −4.787*** | −8.786*** | −8.919*** | −8.416*** | −8.774*** | |
| (0.0952) | (0.453) | (0.464) | (0.698) | (0.454) | ||
| Father main caregiver | 0.000515 | 0.195 | 0.203 | 0.360** | 0.137 | |
| (0.134) | (0.127) | (0.132) | (0.180) | (0.0976) | ||
| Variation in father's share of childcare | 0.251 | |||||
| (0.378) | ||||||
| Total parental homework hours | −0.126*** | −0.0566*** | −0.0629*** | −0.0709** | −0.0542*** | −0.0412*** |
| (0.0198) | (0.0186) | (0.0191) | (0.0295) | (0.0185) | (0.0142) | |
| Mother's share of housework | 0.176 | 0.301 | 0.206 | 0.0923 | 0.256 | 0.197 |
| (0.472) | (0.440) | (0.460) | (0.656) | (0.452) | (0.344) | |
| Child is male | −0.248*** | −0.243** | −0.338** | −0.244** | −0.204*** | |
| (0.0963) | (0.0997) | (0.144) | (0.0965) | (0.0724) | ||
| Age of child | 0.230*** | 0.232*** | 0.213*** | 0.234*** | 0.173*** | |
| (0.0295) | (0.0318) | (0.0469) | (0.0294) | (0.0221) | ||
| Distance learning hours # kindergarden | 1.735*** | 1.669*** | 1.672*** | 1.741*** | 1.348*** | |
| (0.190) | (0.195) | (0.260) | (0.190) | (0.142) | ||
| Distance learning hours # Primary school | 2.465*** | 2.452*** | 2.195*** | 2.440*** | 1.842*** | |
| (0.160) | (0.169) | (0.249) | (0.160) | (0.126) | ||
| Distance learning hours # Secondary school | 1.806*** | 1.817*** | 1.721*** | 1.771*** | 1.309*** | |
| (0.259) | (0.281) | (0.441) | (0.259) | (0.190) | ||
| Hours of extra curricular activities | 0.258** | 0.330*** | 0.0945 | 0.256** | 0.0901 | |
| (0.118) | (0.123) | (0.188) | (0.119) | (0.0790) | ||
| 2 children in the household | 0.113 | 0.114 | 0.227 | 0.118 | 0.0801 | |
| (0.132) | (0.137) | (0.179) | (0.132) | (0.0991) | ||
| 3 children in the household | 0.529*** | 0.522*** | 0.492* | 0.512*** | 0.362*** | |
| (0.187) | (0.193) | (0.252) | (0.186) | (0.137) | ||
| 4 children in the household | −0.419 | −0.407 | −0.479 | −0.393 | −0.324 | |
| (0.400) | (0.393) | (0.403) | (0.417) | (0.334) | ||
| More than 4 children in the household | −0.236 | −0.172 | 0.475 | −0.300 | −0.213 | |
| (0.712) | (0.701) | (0.959) | (0.723) | (0.636) | ||
| At least one parent is not Italian | 0.243 | 0.288 | 0.0959 | 0.243 | 0.169 | |
| (0.191) | (0.197) | (0.197) | (0.191) | (0.145) | ||
| Mother university x Father university | ||||||
| No, Yes | 0.582** | 0.613** | 0.622** | 0.574** | 0.380* | |
| (0.253) | (0.266) | (0.292) | (0.251) | (0.199) | ||
| Yes, No | 0.166 | 0.171 | 0.0512 | 0.174 | 0.0551 | |
| (0.152) | (0.156) | (0.171) | (0.153) | (0.115) | ||
| Yes, Yes | 0.130 | 0.160 | 0.0546 | 0.133 | 0.0771 | |
| (0.151) | (0.158) | (0.185) | (0.151) | (0.113) | ||
| Mother stop working x Father stop working | ||||||
| No, Yes | 0.0475 | −0.0168 | −0.0327 | 0.0516 | 0.0607 | |
| (0.178) | (0.182) | (0.246) | (0.179) | (0.137) | ||
| Yes, No | 0.0423 | 0.00801 | 0.191 | 0.0308 | −0.0190 | |
| (0.163) | (0.171) | (0.201) | (0.164) | (0.121) | ||
| Yes, Yes | −0.0243 | 0.0170 | 0.102 | −0.0257 | −0.0500 | |
| (0.223) | (0.232) | (0.268) | (0.225) | (0.171) | ||
| Mother switched to smart working | −0.0857 | 0.0184 | 0.146 | −0.0987 | −0.0228 | |
| (0.171) | (0.178) | (0.294) | (0.171) | (0.127) | ||
| Both parents under strict lockdown | 1.274** | 1.241** | 1.427** | 1.316** | 1.239** | |
| (0.577) | (0.615) | (0.669) | (0.572) | (0.486) | ||
| Survey respondent is male | −0.408* | −0.140 | −0.359 | −0.351** | ||
| (0.230) | (0.342) | (0.230) | (0.171) | |||
| Date of interview | 0.0163 | 0.0543 | 0.0141 | 0.00521 | 0.0158 | |
| (0.0793) | (0.0870) | (0.123) | (0.0794) | (0.0589) | ||
| Province FE | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Day of week FE | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 2796 | 2578 | 2407 | 2563 | 2576 | 2626 |
| R-squared2 | 0.019 | 0.316 | 0.317 | 0.299 | 0.315 | 0.0810 |
*** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1; Robust standard errors in brackets (clustered at household level). Notes: (1) The constant is not reported for ordered logit estimation as it is separate for each level of the dependent variable. For the same reason, for each explanatory variable the table reports the coefficient, not the marginal effects. (2) For ordered logit estimation, the pseudo R-squared is reported.