Table 2. Bivariate analysis of risk factors for gastric precancerous lesion. *p<0.05; PR prevalence ratio; CI confidence interval.
| Risk factors | Gastric precancerous lesion | p | PR (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||
| Gender Male Female |
30 (34.9%) 17 (23.0%) |
56 (65.1%) 57 (77.0%) |
0.099 | 1.52 (0.91 – 2.52) |
| Age ≥50 years <50 years |
31 (36.9%) 16 (21.1%) |
53 (63.1%) 60 (78.9%) |
0.028* | 1.75 (1.05 – 2.94) |
| Education Low High |
12 (35.3%) 35 (27.8%) |
22 (64.7%) 91 (72.2%) |
0.393 | 1.27 (0.74 – 2.17) |
| Ethnicity Batak Non-Batak |
31 (34.1%) 16 (23.2%) |
60 (65.9%) 53 (76.8%) |
0.135 | 1.47 (0.88 – 2.46) |
| Overweight Yes No |
18 (30.5%) 29 (28.7%) |
41 (69.5%) 72 (71.3%) |
0.810 | 1.06 (0.65 – 1.74) |
| Alcohol consumption Heavy drinker Non- and mild to moderate drinker |
12 (48.0%) 35 (25.9%) |
13 (52.0%) 100 (74.1%) |
0.026* | 1.85 (1.13 – 3.05) |
| Smoking Moderate and heavy smoker Non- and mild smoker |
15 (23.1%) 32 (33.7%) |
50 (76.9%) 63 (66.3%) |
0.148 | 0.69 (0.41 – 1.16) |
| H. pylori infection Yes No |
37 (43.0%) 10 (13.5%) |
49 (57.0%) 64 (86.5%) |
<0.001* | 3.18 (1.7 – 5.95) |
| Family history of gastric cancer Yes No |
5 (71.4%) 42 (27.5%) |
2 (28.6%) 111 (72.5%) |
0.024* | 2.6 (1.52 – 4.44) |
| Serum midkine level High Low |
280 (180 – 400) 35 (52.2%) 12 (12.9%) |
204 (65 – 318) 32 (47.8%) 81 (87.1%) |
< 0.001* < 0.001* |
NA 4.05 (2.28 – 7.2) |