Table 2.
Biochemical and immunological evaluation
| Parameter | Control group | HIV infected ART naïve | p valuea | HIV infected 9 months on ART | p valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ART naïve | |||||
| (n = 22) | (n = 73) | (n = 73) | |||
| (Controls) | (Naïve) | (ART) | |||
| Serum creatinine (μmol/l) | 72 ± 14 | 70 ± 14 | 0.6 | 82 ± 16 | < 0.001 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 111 ± 38 | 92 ± 22 | 0.03 | 83 ± 19 | < 0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l) | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
| Haematocrit (%) | 42 ± 4 | 38 ± 6 | 0.03 | 41 ± 5 | < 0.001 |
| Total fasting serum cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.3 (3.9 to 4.9) | 3.4 (2.9 to 4.0) | < 0.001 | 3.5 (3.0 to 4.1) | 0.1 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.2) | 0.8 (0.7 tot 1.2) | 0.8 | 0.7 (0.6 to 1.2) | 0.03 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 0.001 | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4) | < 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.7 (2.0 to 3.1) | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.4) | 0.004 | 1.9 (1.6 to 2.4) | 0.9 |
| High sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 2.4 (1.1 to 9.2) | 3.4 (0.8 to 13.7) | 0.5 | 1.9 (0.5 to 7.5) | 0.01 |
| CD4 count (cells/μl) | – | 289 (170 to 410) | – | 378 (271 to 593) | < 0.001 |
| CD8 count (cells/μl) | – | 817 (584 to 1147) | – | 624 (446 to 858) | < 0.001 |
| CD4:CD8 ratio | – | 0.35 (0.19 to 0.45) | – | 0.60 (0.39 to 0.94) | < 0.001 |
| HIV viral load (copies/ml) | 78,279 (9796 to 336,900) | – | 20* (20 to 36) | < 0.001 | |
| HIV viral load (log copies/ml) | – | 4.9 (4.0 to 5.5) | – | 1.3* (1.3 to 1.6) | < 0.001 |
Bold values indicate p value of ≤ 0.05
Continuous variables are mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) unless otherwise specified
HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
aControls vs naïve
bNaïve vs ART
*20 copies/ml (log = 1.3) is the lower limit of measurement for our HIV-1 assay