Table 1.
US hospital characteristics, state-level telehealth policies, and bivariate associations.
| Hospital characteristic | All hospitals | Hospitals with telehealth | Hospitals without telehealth | p value a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Has electronic clinical documentation, N (%) | 2857 (97) | 2119 (99) | 738 (94) | <0.001 |
| Affiliated with a major hospital system, N (%) | 2031 (70) | 1586 (74) | 445 (57) | <0.001 |
| Hospital ownership, N (%) | ||||
| Government | 578 (20) | 370 (17) | 208 (26) | <0.001 |
| Nonprofit | 1889 (65) | 1566 (73) | 323 (41) | |
| Investor owned | 456 (15) | 206 (9) | 250 (32) | |
| No teaching | 1570 (54) | 1062 (49) | 508 (65) | <0.001 |
| Minor teaching | 1129 (39) | 875 (40) | 254 (32) | |
| Major teaching | 224 (7) | 205 (9) | 19 (2) | |
| Geography, N (%) | ||||
| Metro | 2006 (69) | 1477 (68) | 529 (67) | 0.019 |
| Micro | 425 (14) | 326 (15) | 99 (12) | |
| Rural | 492 (17) | 339 (15) | 153 (19) | |
| Percent of hospital patients covered by accountable care contracts, % (95% CI) | 3.85 (2.84,3.57) | 4.41 (3.674, 4.64) | 0.73 (0.34, 0.90) | <0.0001 |
| Total beds mean (95% CI) | 186.31 (178.07, 193.95) | 205.09 (195.67, 215.78) | 131.21 (120.4,142.71) | <0.001 |
| Legislated state telehealth policy characteristics N (%) | ||||
| Remote patient monitoring | 23 (45) | 908 (42) | 409 (52) | <0.0001 |
| Store and forward | 29 (57) | 1266 (59) | 597 (76) | 0.029 |
| Video coverage | 51 (98) | 2138 (99) | 779 (99) | 0.729 |
| Commercial parity | 36 (73) | 1451 (67) | 557 (71) | 0.046 |
| Medicaid parity | 32 (63) | 1350 (63) | 518 (66) | 0.092 |
| Location-based parity | 44 (86) | 1683 (78) | 663 (85) | <0.0001 |
a
chi-squared test for categorical variables; t-test for continuous variables.